| Abdisa T | Therapeutic importance of leech and impact of leech in domestic animals | 2018 | MOJ Drug Design Development and Therapy 2018; 2 (6): 235-242 | Review, Human Medicine, Veterinary Medicine |
| Abdualkader AM, Ghawi AM, Alaama M, Awang M & Merzouk A | Characterization and optimization of lyophilization and storage conditions od leech saliva extract from the tropical leech Hirudinaria manillensis | 2013 | Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2013; 26 (3): 525-535 | Saliva |
| Abdualkader AM, Ghawi AM, Alaama M, Awang M, Merzouk A | Leech therapeutic applications | 2013 | Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013; 75 (2): 127-137 | Review Article, Therapy, History, Cancer |
| Abdullaeva AI, Prityko AG, Voronin PA & Mikhailova EG | Analysis of leech therapy effects in patients with chronic apical periodontitis | 2020 | Bulletin of Russian State Medical University 2020;3: 83-85 | Dentistry, Periodontitis |
| Abdullaeva AI, Pustovaya EP, Slonova VM, Karnaeva AS, Pilshchikova OV & Gevorkyan AA | Justification of the effectiveness of hirudotherapy in dentistry | 2020 | Russian Journal of Dentistry 2020; 24 (5): 328-331 | Dentistry |
| Abdullah S, Dar LM, Rashid A, Tewari A | Hirudotherapy/leech therapy: Applications and indications in surgery | 2012 | Archives of Clinical and Experimental Surgery, 2012; 1 (3): 172-180 | Review Article, Surgery |
| Abduvaliev AA | Leech therapy of patients with reactive arthritis | 2003 | Likars‘ka sprava, 2003; 2:42-45 | Osteoarthritis, Bdellotomy |
| Abelson MB, Mandele E, Paradisa A,.George M | The effect of hyaluronidase on akinesia during cataract surgery | 1989 | Ophthalmic Surgery, 1989; 20: 325-326 | Hyaluronidasis, Cataract surgery, Anaesthesia, |
| Abraham A, Minker E | Über die Innervation des Darmkanals des medizinischen Blutegels (Hirudo medicinalis) | 1958 | Zeitschrift für Zellforschung, 1958; 47: 367-391 | Biology, Nervous System, Digestion |
| Abrutyn E | Hospital-associated infections from leeches | 1988 | Annals of Internal Medicine, 1988; 109:356-358 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Adams JF, Lassen LF | Leech therapy for venous congestion following myocutaneous pectoralis flap reconstruction | 1995 | Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Nursing, 1995; 13 (1): 12-14 | Surgery |
| Adams SL | The medicinal leech: A page from the annelids of internal medicine | 1988 | Annals of Internal Medicine, 1988, 109: 399-405 | History |
| Adams SL | The emergency management of a medicinal leech bite | 1989 | Annals of Emergency Medicine, 1989; 18 (3): 319 | Therapy |
| Adams SL | The medicinal leech: Historical perspectives | 1989 | Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 1989; 15 (3): 261-264 | History |
| Afify O, Alkhouri S & Lauder N | Improving symptoms of peripheral artery disease with hirudotherapy | 2021 | Cureus 2021; 13 (7): e16270 | Peripheral Artery Disease |
| Afra D | Randomisierte kontrollierte Studie zur Wirksamkeit der Blutegeltherapie bei symptomatischer Epicondylitis lateralis humeri | 2010 | Dissertation, Essen 2010 | Epicondylitis, Orthopaedics |
| Agarwal S & Gupta N | Nasophyryngal hirudiniasis: A hidden culprit - A case report | 2021 | The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology, 2021; 37: 68-74 | Hirudiniasis |
| Agnelli G, Bergqvist D, Cohen AT et al. | Randomized clinical trial of postoperative Fondaparinux versus perioperative Dalteparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in high-risk abdominal surgery | 2005 | British Journal of Surgery, 2005; 92 (10): 1212-1220 | Saliva, Factor X a Inhibitor, Anticoagulation |
| Agrawal C & Kale R | Case study of frequent leech application in diabetes mellitus with special reference to frozen shoulder | 2018 | Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurveda Science 2018; 6 (2): 1-5 | Pain, Diabetes, Frozen Shoulder |
| Aguilera-Arreola G, Hernandez-Rodriguez C, Zuniga G et al. | Virulence potential and genetic diversity of Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas veronii, and Aeromonas hydrophila clinical isolation from Mexico and Spain: a comparative study | 2007 | Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 2007; 53: 877-878 | Aeromonas bacteria |
| Ahirrao RA, Jadhav JB & Pawar SP | A review on leech therapy | 2017 | Pharma Science Monitor 2017; 8 (1): 228-237 | Review Article |
| Ahmad M & Nasir A | Management of non-healing ulcer by the use of crushed raw papaya along with leeching: A case study | 2021 | Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 2021; 11 (5): 1-4 | Dermatology, Ulcer, Wound Healing |
| Ahmad R, Baharuddin KA, Zaidin H et al. | An unusual case of urethral hirudinasis | 2008 | Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2008; 39 (2): 319-323 | Pharmacovigilance, Leeches |
| Ahmad Z & Ali H | Treatment of chronic non-healing leg ulcers in Unani (Greek) system of medicine - Case report | 2016 | Paripex - Indian Journal of Research 2016:; 5 (10): 256-259 | Dermatology, Ulcer |
| Airawi S & Fetters MD | Traditional Arabic and Islamic medicine | 2019 | Global Journal of Health Science 2019; 11 (10): 73-88 | Review |
| Akalin C & Ekmen N | Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia due to hirudotherapy: A case report | 2020 | Cureus 2020; 12 (7): e9467 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Diabetic Foot, Mesenteric Ischaemia |
| Aktas H, Hamidi AA, Ertugrul G & Erol H | A case of cutaneous pseudolymphoma induced by medicinal leech application and review of the literature | 2018 | Archives of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 2018; 3 (3): 198-200 | Pharmacovigilance, Pseudolymphoma |
| Akyürek M, Safak T & Kecik A | Microsurgical ear replantation without venous repair: failure of development of venous channels despite patency of arterial anastomosis for 14 days | 2001 | Annals of Plastic Surgery, 2001; 46 (4): 439-442 | Surgery |
| Alam SS, Ahmad W & Yunus SS | Irsal-el-Alaq (Leech therapy/hirudo therapy) in surgical diseases: A review | 2016 | International Journal of Medicine Research 2016; 1 (4): 23-27 | Surgery, Review Article |
| Alam T, Hasan I, Perveen A, Nasamuddin M & Perveen S | Indications, contraindications and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) | 2013 | Journal of Biological & Scientific Option 2013; 1 (4): 358-361 | Review Article, Procedure |
| Alavi K | Epistaxis and hemotysis due to Hirudo medicinalis (medical leech) | 1969 | General Otolaryngology, 1969; 90: 178-179 | Pharmacovigilance, Leeches, Epistaxis, Anaemia |
| Albach E | Beobachtungen bei der therapeutischen Blutegelverwendung mit besonderer Berücksichtigung anaphylaktischer Erscheinungen | 1939 | Dissertation Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main | Pharmacovigilance, Anaphylaxis, Allergy |
| Al-Badran & Al-Fadal S | Cloning, expression of hirudin gene from leech (Hirudo orientalis) in BL21 (DE3) strain | 2017 | American Scientific Research Journal for Engeneering, Technology, and Sciences 2017; 27 (1): 25-42 | Biology, Hirudin, Gene Expression, Saliva |
| Alban S | Damit das Blut besser fließt | 1996 | Blick in die Wissenschaft, 1996; 105: 37-41 | Saliva, Anticoagulation |
| Alban S | Der Thrombosegefahr vorbeugen. | 2002 | Pharmazeutische Zeitung, 2002; (24):1-10. | Saliva, Faktor X a-Inhibitor, Anticoagulation |
| Aldemir C & Duygun F | When and how should leeches be applied in cases of venous congestion? | 2017 | Medicine Science International Medical Journal 2017; 6 (1): 1-4 | Surgery, Procedure |
| Alemi F, Azimi M, Moeini R, Shirafkan H, Bayani M, Mojahedi M & Tajadini H | The effectiveness of leech therapy in the severity of diabetic neuropathy: A randomized controlled trial | 2022 | Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2022; in press | Diabetic Neuropathy, Gabapentin |
| Alisherovna KM, Totlibayevich YS, Xudoyberdiyevich GX & Jamshedovna KD | Efficacy of drug-free therapy of hypertension diseases in the early stage of the disease | 2022 | Spectrum Journal of Innovation, Reforms and Development 2022; 7: 82-88 | Hypertension |
| Al-Khleif A, Roth M, Menge C, Heuser J, Baljer G & Herbst W | Tenacity of mammalian viruses in the gut of leeches fed with porcine blood | 2011 | Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2011; 60: 787-792 | Hirudo medicinalis, Pharmacovigilance, Pathogenous Viruses, Infections |
| Al-Mozan HDK & Alrikabi NJA | Review: Hirudo and its medical role | 2020 | International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2020; 12 (2): 1843-1844 | Review Article |
| Altamura D, Calonje E, Liau JI, Rogers M, Verdolini R | Diffuse cutaneous pseudolymphoma due to therapy with medicinal leeches | 2014 | JAMA Dermatology, 2014; 150 (7): 783-784 | Pharmacovigilance, Pseudolymphoma, Dermatology |
| Altintac A | Leech therapy according to Ottoman medical manuscripts | 2014 | Lokman Hekim Journal of History of Medicine and Folk Medicine, 2014. XI National Conference on the History of Turkish Pharmacy 25-28 MAY 2014: 32 | History |
| Altman LK | The doctor‘s world; leeches still have their medical uses | 1981 | The New York Times, 2 FEB 1981 | Review Article |
| Altmann C, Naber C & Haude M | Direkte Thrombinantagonisten; Eine Alternative zur Antikoagulation mit Heparin? | 1997 | Ess. Kardiol. Kardiovasc. Nachr., 1997; 2: 31-36 | Hirudin, Anticoagulation |
| Amaley KD & Naphade AM | Mechanism of action of leech by different salivary secretions | 2016 | Journal of Sanskrit Samhita Siddhanta 2016; 2 (3): 27-33 | Review, Saliva |
| Amani L, Fadaei F, Ardakani MS, Ardakani MM & Shirbeigi L | Treatment of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) with Pharmaceutical product using Hirudo orientalis: A case report | 2020 | Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research | Wound Healing, Diabetic Foot. Leech Cream |
| Amani L,;Motamed N, Ardakani MM, Shasaltaneh MD, Malek M, Shamsa F, Fatemi E & Amin M | Semi-solid product of medicinal leech enhances wound healing in rats | 2021 | Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products 2021; in press | Phramacology, Leech Cream, Wound Healing |
| Amanian A, Butskiy O, Zhao K & Anderson DW | Intraoral hirudotherapy for venous congestion following free flap head and neck reconstruction: Novel intraoral technique | 2021 | ORL Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery 2021, 1-4 | Surgery, Procedure |
| Aminov R | Cannibalism of the medicinal leeches Hirudo verbana | 2019 | EurAsian Journal of BioSciences 2019; 13: 23-26 | Biology, Leech Cannibalism |
| Aminov R | Survival of medical leeches after partial cannibalism | 2019 | Euro Asian Journal of Biosciences 2019; 13: 909-912 | Biology |
| Aminov R, Frolov A & Aminova A | The duration of rest and feeding greatly affects the re-breeding of ectoparasites: Hirudo verbana, Hirudo medicinalis and Hirudo orientalis | 2022 | Annals of Parasitology 2022; 68 (4): 721-726 | Biology, Reproduction, Breeding |
| Ammar A, Guns E, Kucuk O, Abdualkader A & Alaama M | Mechanism of anticancer activity of BPS-001 (lyophilized leech saliva extract) | 2017 | AACR Annual Meeting 2017; 77 (13), Supplement Abstract 107 | Pharmacology, Cancer |
| Ammar A, Hassona MH, Meckling GR, Chan LG, Chin MY, Abdusikader A, Alsama M, Marzouk A, Helaluddin A, Ghawi A, Kucuk O & Guns ES | Assessment of the antitumor activity of leech (Hirudinaria manillensis) saliva extract in prostate cancer | 2015 | Cancer Research August 1, 2015; 75: Abstract 5130 | Pharmacology, Prostate Cancer, Saliva |
| Ammar A, Hessein M, Guns E, Chin, M, Helaluddin AB, Abdualkader A, Alaama M, Merzouk A, Ghawi A & Kucuk O | In vivo assessment of the therapeutic effects of lyophilized leech saliva extract from (Hirudinaria manillensis) on LNCaP tumor xenograft model in nude mice | 2015 | Journal of Clinical Oncology 2015; 33 (7): 271 | Pharmacology, Prostate Cancer, Saliva |
| Andereya S, Stanzel S, Maus U, Müller-Rath R, Mumme T, Siebert CH, Stock F & Schneider U | Assessment of leech therapy for knee osteoarthritis | 2008 | Acta Orthopaedica, 2008; 79 (2): 236-243 | Osteoarthritis |
| Andersen PS & Elberg JJ | Microsurgical replantation and postoperative leech treatment of a large severed nasal segment | 2012 | Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery 2012; 46 (6): 444-446 | Surgery |
| Anderson MD | Leech Therapy Procedure | 2007 | The University of Texas. MD Anderson Cancer Center 2007 | Surgery, Leech Keeping, Procedure |
| Andhey VP, Tambe AL, Malavade HC & Tople PB | Role of jalaukavacharana (leech therapy) in the management of scalp psoriasis . A case study | 2016 | International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research 2016; 4 (3) | Dermatology, Psoriasis |
| Angulo Sanchez E | Efectividad de la terapia con sanguijuelas. Revision Bibliografica | 2017 | Thesis Salamanca University | Review |
| Ansari S, Fasihuzzaman N, Jabeen A, Sultana A & Khan QA | Post-auricular leech therapy reduced headache & migraine days in chronic mograine | 2019 | Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 2019; 9 (1): 75-80 | Headaches, Migraine |
| Anthony JP, Lineaweaver WC, Davis JW & Buncke HJ | Quantitative fluorometric effects of leeching on a replanted ear | 1989 | Microsurgery, 1989; 10 (3): 167-169 | Surgery, Fluorimetry |
| Antipov A & Kamenev O | Thrombolytic substance on the basis of medical leech extract | 2012 | St. Petersburg, 2012 | Saliva |
| Anuradha C & Shridhara BS | Role of Jalaukavacharana in management of Vipadika: A case study | 2017 | Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine 2017; 5 (3): 54-57 | Dermatology, Skin cracks |
| Apfelberg DB, Maser MR, White DN & Lash H | High- and low solutions for massive cavernous hemangioma of the face: Lasers and leeches to rescue | 1989 | Annals of Plastic Surgery, 1989; 23 (4): 341-348 | Surgery |
| Arami A,Gurevitz S, Palti R, Menachem S, Berelowitz M & Yaffe B | The use of medicinal leeches for the treatment of venous congestion in replanted and revascularized digits | 2018 | The Journal of Hand Surgery, 2018; 43 (10): 949.e5 | Surgery |
| Ardehali B, Hand K, Nduka C, Holmes A & Wood S | Delayed leech-borne infection with Aeromonas hydrophila in escharotic flap wound | 2006 | Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic surgery (JPRAS), 2006; 59 (1): 94-95 | Pharmacovigilance, Infectionens |
| Artüz ML | The preliminary biological work of catching areas of leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) in Turkey | 1997 | Kerevitas Gida San. Ve Tic A.S., 1997 | Biology, Leeches |
| Arusan S, Bayan B, Gödekmerdam A & Saglam N | A case report: Hirudotherapy as treatment modality in the microsurgery | 2013 | Türkiye Parasitol Dery, 2013; 37: 154-156 | Surgery |
| Arutyunyan AF, Gaydukov SN & Kustarov VN | Contemporary aspects of pathogenically substantiated therapy of adenomyosis | 2016 | Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 2016; 7 (3): 92-97 | Endometriosis |
| Ascenzi P, Aducci P, Amiconi G et al. | Binding of the recombinant proteinase inhibitor eglin c from the leech Hirudo medicinalis to serine (pro) enzymes: a comparative thermodynamic study | 1991 | Journal of Molecular Recognition, 1991; 4 (4): 113-119 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Ascenzi P, Amiconi G, Bode W et al. | Proteinase inhibitors from the European medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis: structural, functional and biomedical aspects | 1995 | Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 1995; 16 (3): 215-313 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Ascenzi P, Amiconi G, Menegatti E et al. | Binding of the recombinant proteinase inhibitor eglin c from leech Hirudo medicinalis to human leukocyte elastase, bovine alpha-chymotrypsin and subtilisin Carlsberg: A thermodynamic study | 1988 | Journal of Enzyme Inhibition, 1988; 2 (3): 167-172 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Aschner B | Netzhautablösung und Aderlass | 1929 | Münchner Medizische Wochenschrift, 1929; 76 (51): 2135 | Ophthalmology, Retinal Detachment |
| Aschner B & Müller IW | Technik der Blutegelanwendung | 1995 | Technik der Konstitutionstherapie, Stuttgart 1995: 158-169 | Therapy |
| Asgari SA, Rostami S & Teimoori M | Leech therapy for treating priapism: Case report | 2017 | Iranian Journal of Public Health 2017; 46 (7): 985-988 | Priapism |
| Asher CM, Choukari F, Hamilton AE & Dalal M | Penis replantation - are we rising to the challenge? | 2020 | European Journal of Plastic Surgery 2020; 43: 513-515 | Surgery |
| Ashuri A & Shirazian M | A case report of chronic nonunion thighbone fracture treatment based on Iranian traditional medicine | 2019 | Complementary Medicine Journal 2019; 9 (3): 3824-3833 | Ayurveda |
| Asnah A & Faroqui MA | An evidence based approach of Unani regimen: Irsal e Alaq (Medicinal leech therapy) | 2021 | International Journal of Unani and Integrative Medicine 2021; 5 (1): 36-42 | Review, Unani Medicine |
| Asutkar S | Unified review of leech therapy: Administration and implications in various clinical areas in the world of diseases in Shalyatantra | 2019 | Ayurline 2019; 3 (1): 1-12 | Therapy, Review Article |
| Asutkar S & Khandare K | The observational study of reduction in inflammatory markers and simultaneous reduction in joint inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated by leech therapy | 2021 | Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 2021; 15 (1): 318-325 | Arthritis, Pain |
| Asutkar SG & Bhatbhage B | A conceptual study of wound bed preparation by leech therapy (Jalaukavacharana) in patients of Dushta Vrana w.s.r. chronic non-healing wound | 2018 | International Journal of Research in Indian Medicine 2018; 2 (6): 1-14 | Wound Healing |
| Asutkar SG & Varshney S | A conceptual overview on inflammatory markers in patients of cellulitis (Vranashopia) and its management with leech therapy | 2016 | International Journal of Innovative Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 2016; 4 (1): 15-28 | Cellulitis |
| Asutkar SG & Varshney S | The cumulative anti-inflammatory effect of bloodletting by leech (Jalaukavacharana) in patients of arthritis (Aamvata) w.s.r. inflammatory markers - A research realm | 2018 | International Journal of Research in Indian Medicine 2018; 2 (5): 1-17 | Arthritis, Rheumatism, Inflammatory Markers |
| Asutkar SG, Paliwal AA, Paliwal VA & Varshey S | Leech therapy: Coherent review of history, functional components in saliva and clinical applications in surgical diseases | 2019 | Indian Journal of Applied Research 2019; 9 (4): 6-9 | Review |
| Atalym I, Akat E, Arikan H & Uyamkgil Y | Light microscopy investigation of the immune system cells of Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus 1758 | 2017 | Journal of Advanced Zoology 2017; 38 (1): 7-13 | Biology |
| Athreya P, Grampurohit P, Jahagirdhar S & Toshikhane HD | Effectiveness of Lalaukavacarana (Leech therapy) in acute inflammatory joint disorders | 2013 | The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 2013; 14 (2): 391-396 | Osteoarthritis |
| Atmodiwirjo P & Aulia I | Leech therapy for a non-surgical method of flap salvaging after a free flap transfer | 2019 | eJournal Kedokteran Indonesia; October 2019 | Review Article, Surgery |
| Atmodiwirjo P & Aulia I | Therapy for a non-surgical method of flap salvaging after a free flap transfer | 2019 | Journal Kedoktaran Indonesia 2019; 7 (2): 143-150 | Surgery |
| Auerswald EA, Morenweiser R, Sommerhoff CP et al. | Recombinant leech-derived tryptase inhibitor: construction, production, protein chemical characterization and inhibition of HIV-1 replication | 1994 | Biological Chemistry Hoppe Seyler, 1994; 375 (10): 695-703 | Saliva, LDTI |
| Aurich M | Rechtliche Aspekte der Blutegeltherapie | 2006 | Spektrum Ganzheitliche Tiermedizin 2006; 20 | Law |
| Aurich M | Rechtliche Entwicklungen zur Blutegeltherapie | 2006 | Report Naturheilkunde 2006; 10 | Law |
| Aurich M | Blutegel-Tradition und Moderne | 2013 | CoMed April 2013 | Review Article |
| Aurich M & Koeppen D | Eine Anwenderumfrage zur Blutegeltherapie – Auswertung von 171 Falldokumentationen | 2009 | Zeitschrift für Komplementärmedizin, 2009; 5: 12-18 | Therapy, Pharmacovigilance |
| Aurich M, Hahn S & Koeppen D | Comeback van de bloedzuigertherapie in de moderne Geneeskunde | 2014 | Beyond Medicine, 2014, 1: 39-40 | Review Article |
| Autrum H & Graetz E | Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Verdauungsphysiologie der Egel | 1934 | Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie, 1934; 21: 429-439 | Biology, Digestion |
| Avci G, Akan M, Yildirim S & Aköz T | Digital neurovascular compression due to a forgotten tourniquet | 2003 | Hand Surgery, 2003; 8 (1): 133-136 | Surgery |
| Aydin A, Nazik H, Kuvat SV et al. | External decontamination of wild leeches with hypochloric acid | 2004 | BMC Infectious Diseases, 2004; 4: 28 | Pharmacovigilance, Aeromonas, Bacteria, Decontamination |
| Ayhan H & Mollahaliloglu S | Medicinal leech therapy: Hirudotherapy | 2018 | Ankara Medical Journal 2018; 1: 141-148 | Review Article (Turkish) |
| Azari K & Fisher C | A simple device for the application of medicinal leeches | 2008 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2008; 122 (5): 168e-169e | Surgery |
| Azzopardi EA, Whitaker IS, Rozen WM, Naderi N & Kon M | Chemical and mechanical alternatives to leech therapy: A systematic review and critical appraisal | 2011 | Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, 2011-07-21 | Surgery |
| Baal I | Versuche über Temperatursinn an Blutegeln | 1928 | Biologische Mitteilungen Zoologische Laboratorien der Reichsuniversität in Leiden, Leiden 1928: 436-444 | Biology, Leeches |
| Babayi H, Praise OO, Ajoke LF, Olayemi IK, Baba E & Peter OO | Evaluation of the effects of leech salivary extract (LSE) on haematological parameters in rats | 2018 | Journalof Hematology and Clinical Research 2018; 2: 006-014 | Pharmacology, Haematology, Leech Saliva |
| Babayigit M, Babayigit MA, Honca M, Kosar B & Özayar E | Knowledge, attitude and behaviors on traditional and complementary medicine among our patients with chronic pain complaints | 2021 | Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies 2021; 4 (2): 210-218 | Alternative Medicine |
| Babenko VV, Podgorny OV, Manuvera VA, Kasianov AS, Manolov AL, GrafskaiaEN, Shirokov DA, Kurdyumov AS, Vinogradov DV, Nikitina AS, Kovalchuk SI, Anikanov NA, Butenko IO, Pobeguts OV, Matushkina DA, Rakitina DV, Kostryukova ES, Zgoda VG, Baskova IP, Trukhan VM, Gelfand MS, Govorun VM, Schiöth HB & Lazarev VN | Draft genome sequence of Hirudo medicinalisand salivary transcriptome of three closely related medicinal leeches | 2020 | BMC Genomics 2020; 21 (1): 331 | Biology, Saliva |
| Baccarani A, Starnoni M, Pappalardo M, Lattanzi M, Blessent CGF, de Maria F & de Santis G | Early venous congestion after DIEP flap breast reconstruction: Case report of a successful management | 2022 | Acta Biomedica 2022; 93 | Surgery |
| Bach E | Zur Therapie der Eklampsie | 1942 | Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1942; 89 (20): 442-444 | Therapy |
| Bäcker M, Lüdtke R, Afra D, Cesur Ö, Langhorst J, Fink M, Bachmann J, Dobos GJ & Michalsen A | Effectiveness of leech therapy in chronic lateral epicondylitis: A randomized controlled trial | 2011 | Clinical Journal of Pain, 2011; 27 (5): 442-447 | Epicondylitis |
| Badole S & Yadav S | Leech therapy as minimal invasive procedure in facial subcutaneous hematoma - A case report | 2018 | International Journal of Ayush Case Reports 2018; 2 (4): 5-10 | Haematoma |
| Badwe Y & Maindale K | Role of Jalaukavacharana & Vrana Dhawan in wound bed preparation of chronic non healing venous ulcer for skin grafting - A case study | 2018 | Indian Journal of Applied Research 2018; 8 (11): 4-5 | Wound Healing, Dermatology, Ayurveda |
| Badwe Y & Semaskar S | Effect of Jalaukavacharana and Triphala Kwath Avagaha in the uptake of split skin graft in chronic non-healing ulcer of lower limb in sickle cell disease - A case study | 2020 | International Journal of Scientific Research 2020; 79(7): 18 - 21 | Wound Healing, Ulcer |
| Bagdasorova AV | Effect of Hirudin therapy on some functions and the hydrodynamics of the eye of glaucoma patients | 1969 | J Vestnik Oftalmologii, 1969; 2: 43-45 | Saliva, Hirudin, Ophthalmology |
| Bahman M & Tansaz M | A review of leech therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome based on Iranian traditional medicine | 2019 | The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2019; in press | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Gynaecology |
| Bahodirovna AD | Evaluation of the effect of girudotherapy on pain intensity in chronic tension headaches according to the McGigl survey | 2021 | Eurasian Medical Research Periodical 2021; 1 (1): 7-12 | Headaches |
| Baici A, & Seemüller U | Kinetics of the inhibition of human leucocyte elastase by eglin from the leech Hirudo medicinalis | 1984 | Biochemical Journal, 1984; 218: 829-833. | Saliva, Eglin |
| Baj A, Beltramini GA, Lagana F & Gianni AB | Amputation trauma of the face: surgical techniques and microsurgical replantations | 2009 | Acta Othorhinolaryngol Ital, 2009; 29 (2): 92-96 | Surgery |
| Baj A, Beltramini GA, Lagana F & Gianni AB | Microsurgical upper lip replantation: a case report | 2010 | Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2010; 68 (3): 664-667 | Surgery |
| Baker CA & Nayduch DA | Medicinal leech therapy: a case study | 1989 | Orthopaedic Nursing, 1989; 8 (2): 21-24 | Surgery |
| Bakhodirovna AD & Tadjiyevna KD | Improvement of the algorithm for the use of hirudotherapy for the prevention of chronic tension headache | 2021 | American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 2021; 11 (1): 69-70 | Headaches |
| Bakhshi M, Jalalian B, valiant M, Shariati S, Saeidi T & Ranjbar H | Can leech therapy be used as an alternative treatment for controlling migraine headache? | 2015 | Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis, 2015; 32 (3): 189-197 | Migraine |
| Balasaheb PK & Sanjeev Y | Leech therapy in sacroiliitis - A case study | 2018 | Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurveda Science 2018; 6 (1): 1-9 | Sacroiliitis, Back Pain |
| Balasooriya D, Karunarathna C & Uluwaduge I | Wound healing potential of bark paste of Pongamia pinnata along with hirudotherapy: A single case study | 2021 | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine 2021; in press | Wound Healing, Ulcer |
| Baltzley MJ, Gaudry Q & Kristan WB | Species-specific behavioral patterns correlate with differences in synaptic connections between homologous mechanosensory neurons | 2010 | Journal of Comparative Physiology, 2010; 196: 181-197 | Biology, Nervous System |
| Banihani OI, Fox JA, Gander BH, Grunwald LJ, & Cannon GM | Complete penile amputation during ritual neonatal circumcision and successful replantation using postoperative leech therapy | 2014 | Urology, 2014; 84 (2): 472-474 | Surgery |
| Bank J, Zilinsky Y, Haik J et al. | Medicinal leech fixation in precarious locations | 2008 | Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, 2008; 24: 67-68 | Surgery, Procedure |
| Bapat RD, Acharya BS, Juvekar S & Dahanukar SA | Leech therapy for complicated varicose veins | 1998 | The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 1998; 107: 281-284 | Varicosis, Ulcer, Wound Healing |
| Bar S | Leech therapy for the treatment of venous congestion in flaps | 2021 | Lasani Darul-Shifa, Gujranwala, Pakistan; 28 AUG 2021 | Surgery, Review Article |
| Baranzini N, Pulze L, Acquati F & Grimaldi A | Hirudo verbana as an alternative model to dissect the relationship between innate immunity and regeneration | 2020 | Information Systems Journal 2020; 17: 90-98 | Wound Healing |
| Barnes CS, Frech M, Hofmann U et al. | Saratin for inhibiting platelet adhesion to collagen | 2005 | US patent 6881722. April 19, 2005 | Saliva, Calin, Saratin, Patent |
| Barnes CS, Krafft B, Frech M, Hofmann UR, Papendieck A, Dahlems U, Gellissen G & Hoylarts MF | Production and characterization of Saratin, an inhibitor of von Willebrand factor-dependent platelet adhesion to collagen. | 2001 | Semin Thromb Hemost, 2001; 27: 337-348. | Saliva, Calin, Saratin |
| Barnett GR, Taylor GI & Mutimer KL | The “chemical leech”: intra-replant subcutaneous heparin as an alternative to venous anastomosis. Report of three cases | 1989 | British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 1989; 42 (5): 556-558 | Surgery, Heparin, Anticoagulation, |
| Barraud O, Robert A, Laval L, Ruimy R, Morquin D, Boyer L & Lamy B | It takes two to tango: Two Aeromonas isolates combine virulence and multidrug resistance in flap infection following leech therapy | 2020 | Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2020; 26: 793-794 | Surgery, Infection, Resistance |
| Barz H | Letter to the editor (Comment on "The effectiveness of leech therapy in chronic low back pain; Hohmann et al. 2018) | 2019 | Deutsches Ärzteblatt 2019; 116 (15): 267 | Low Back Pain |
| Barzegar A, Azizi A, Faridi P & Mohagheghzadeh A | Leech therapy in Iranian traditional medicine | 2015 | Forschende Komplementärmedizin, 2015; 22 (1): 50-53 | History |
| Bas NS & Tufan A | Chronic subdural hematoma as a complication of medicinal leech therapy | 2021 | Neurology Asia 2021; 26 (3): 599-602 | Pharmacology, Subdural Haematoma |
| Basanova AC, Baskova IP & Zavalova LL | Vascular-platelet and plasma hemostasis regulators from bloodsucking animals | 2002 | Biochemistry (Moscow), 2002; 67 (1): 167-176 | Saliva |
| Baskova IP | Hirudotherapie (Handbuch) | 2015 | | Review Article |
| Baskova IP & Nikonov GI | Destabilase – an enzyme of medicinal leech salivary gland secretion that hydrolyses isopeptide bonds in stabilized fibrin | 1985 | Biochemistry (Moscow), 1985; 50 (3): 357-363 | Saliva, Destabilase, Anticoagulation, Thrombolysis |
| Baskova IP & Nikonov GI | Destabilase, the novel epsilon-(gamma-Glu)-Lys isopeptidase with thrombolytic activity | 1991 | Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis, 1991, 2 (1): 167-172 | Saliva, Destabilase, Thrombolysis |
| Baskova IP & Zavalova LL | Proteinase inhibitors from the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis | 2001 | Biochemistry (Moscow), 2001; 66 (7): 869-883 | Saliva |
| Baskova IP & Zavalova LL | Polyfunctionality of destabilase, a lysozyme from a medicinal leech | 2008 | Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2008; 34 (3): 304-309 | Saliva, Destabilase |
| Baskova IP, Nikonov GI, Mirkamalova EG et al. | Effect of preparations from the medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) on phagocytosis and complement system | 1988 | Kazansky Med Zh (USSR), 1988; 69: 334-336 | Saliva |
| Baskova IP, Aguejouf OM, Azoughag- Oualane F, Zavalova LL, Basanova AV & Doutremepuich C | Arterial antithrombotic effect of piyavit, the novel pharmacological preparation from the medicinal leech, and of its components, prostanoids, and enzyme destabilase | 1995 | Thrombosis Research, 1995; 77 (6): 483-492 | Saliva, Piyavit, Destabilase Anticoagulation, Thrombolysis |
| Baskova IP, Alekseeva AY, Kostyuk SV, Neverova ME, Smirnova TD & Veiko NN | The use of a novel reagent, Cu-FL, for determination of NO synthesis stimulated by the medicinal leech salivary cell secretion in human endothelial cell (HUVEC) and rat cardiomyocyte cultures | 2013 | Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement B Biochemical Chemistry, 2013; 7 (1): 16-26 | Saliva |
| Baskova IP, Cherkesova DU & Mosolov VV | Hirudin from leech heads and whole leeches and pseudo hirudin from leech bodies | 1983 | Therapeutic Research, 1983; 30: 459-467 | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Baskova IP, Ferner Z, Balkina AS, Kozin S, Kharitonova OV, Zavalova LL & Zgoda VG | Steroids, histamine, and serotonin in the medicinal leech salivary gland secret | 2008 | Biochemistry (Moscow) supplement B. Biomedical Chemistry, 2008; 2 (3): 215-225 | Saliva, Steroids, Histamine, Serotonin |
| Baskova IP, Kalabushev SN, Akhaev DN, Bobrovsky PA, Manuvera VA & Lazarev VN | Role of isopeptidolysis in the process of thrombolysis | 2018 | Thrombosis Research 2018; 165: 18-23 | Saliva, Destabilase, Thrombolysis |
| Baskova IP, Khalil S, Nartikova VF & Paskhina TS | Inhibition of plasma Kallikrein. Kininase and kinin-like activities of preparations of the medicinal leech | 1992 | Thrombosis Research, 1992; 67 (6): 721-730 | Saliva, Analgesia, Bradykinin |
| Baskova IP, Khalil S, Nikonov GI, Rabinovich SE & Vastikova VF | Inhibition of kallikrein from human plasma by salivary gland secretion and extracts of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis | 1988 | Biokhimiia, 1988; 53 (9): 1467-1473 | Saliva, Kallikrein |
| Baskova IP, Korostelev AN, Chirkova LD, Zavalova LL, Basanova AV & Doutremepuich C | Piyavit from the medicinal leech is a new orally active anticoagulating and antithrombotic drug | 1997 | Clin Appl Thrombosis/Hemostasis, 1997; 3 (1): 40-45 | Saliva, Piyavit, Thrombolysis, Anticoagulation, Anti-Inflammation |
| Baskova IP, Kostrjukova ES, Vlasova MA, Kharitanova OV, Levitskij SA, Zavalova LL & Moshkoviskiy SA | Proteins and peptides of the salivary gland secretion of medicinal leeches Hirudo verbana, H. medicinalis, and H. orientalis | 2008 | Biochemistry (Moscow), 2008; 73 (3): 315-320 | Saliva |
| Baskova IP, Nikonov GI & Cherkesova DU | Antithrombin, antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin activities of the salivary gland secretion and intestinal chyme of medicinal leeches. Antichymotrypsin activity of partially purified preparations of hirudin and pseudohirudin | 1984 | Folia Haematologica, 1984; 111 (6): 831-837 | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Baskova IP, Nikonov GI & Khalil S | Thrombolytic agents of the preparation from the medicinal leeches | 1988 | Folia Haematologica, 1988; 115: 166-170 | Saliva, Anticoagulation |
| Baskova IP, Nikonov GI & Khalil S | Thrombolytic agents of the preparation from the medicinal leeches. | 1988 | Folia Haematologica, 1988; 115 (1-2): 166-170 | Saliva, Anticoagulation |
| Baskova IP, Nikonov GI, Dolgov VV, Tertov VV & Orektov AN | The effect of medicinal leech preparations on atherogenesis | 1989 | Cardiology (USSR), 1989; 29 (5): 75-79 | Saliva, Cardiovascular System, Atherosclerosis |
| Baskova IP, Nikonov GI, Mazurov AV, Misselvits F & Leitin VL | Mechanisms of the inhibition of vascular-platelet hemostasis by salivary gland secretion of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis | 1987 | Biochemistry (Moscow), 1987; 52 (9): 1261-1267 | Saliva, Anticoagulation |
| Baskova IP, Pavlova IB & Parfenov AS | Analysis of the effects of medicinal leech on arterial function in elderly volunteers by means of photoplethysmography with angioscan-01 | 2014 | Human Physiology, 2014; 40 (2): 214-219 | Cardiovascular System, Photopletysmography, Healthy Volunteers |
| Baskova IP, Yudina TG, Zavalova LL & Dudkina AS | Protein – lipid particles of medicinal leech salivary gland secretion; their size and morphology | 2010 | Biochemistry (Moscow), 2010; 75 (5): 585-589 | Saliva, Proteins, Lipids |
| Baskova IP, Yusupova GI & Nikonov GI | Lipase and cholesterol-esterase of salivary gland secretion of the medicinal leech. | 1984 | Biochemistry (Moscow), 1984; 49: 676. | Saliva |
| Baskova IP, Zavalova LL, Basanova AV & Grigoreva OV | Destabilase from the medicinal leech: the hydrolysis of isopeptide bonds in d-dimer, a fragment of stabilized fibrin | 1999 | Biochemistry (Moscow), 1999 ; 6: 383-386 | Saliva, Destabilase, Thrombolysis, D-Dimer |
| Baskova IP, Zavalova LL, Basanova AV & Sass AV | Separation of monomerizing and lysozyme activities of destabilase from the medicinal leech salivary gland secretion | 2001 | Biochemistry (Moscow), 2001; 66 (12): 1368-1373 | Saliva, Destabilase, Thrombolysis |
| Baskova IP, Zavalova LL, Basanova AV, Moshkovskyi SA & Zgoda VG | Protein profiling of the medicinal leech salivary gland secretion by proteomic analytical methods | 2004 | Biochemistry (Moscow). 2004; 69 (7): 770-775 | Saliva |
| Baskova IP, Zavalova LL, Berezhnoy S & Gabbasov ZA | Inhibition of induced and spontaneous platelet aggregation by destabilase from medicinal leech | 2000 | Platelets, 2000; 11: 83-86 | Saliva, Destabilase, Thrombolysis |
| Baskova IP, Zavalova LL, Kostrjukova ES,Titova GA, Lazarev VN & Zgoda VG | Proteomic analysis methods for characterization of proteins from the salivary gland secretions of the medicinal leech during different seasons | 2007 | Biochemistry (Moscow), 2007; 72 (2): 219-225 | Saliva |
| Batchelor AGG, Davison P & Sully T | The salvage of congested skin flaps by application of leeches | 1984 | British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 1984; 37: 358-360 | Surgery |
| Bates M, Kneer K & Logan C | Medicinal leech therapy – an overview | 1989 | Orthopaedic Nursing, 1989; 8 (2): 12-17 | Review Article, Therapy |
| Batovski AA, Sheenkov YA, Karakozov AG, Olenicheva EL, Sterkova GV, Levchenko OB, Molodova A, Kazakov SP, Orlov FA, Khritinin DF, Malakhovski VV & Katenko SV | Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of using non-drug treatment integrated technique from military contract servicemen with metabolic syndrome | 2017 | Russian Journal (unknown title in Cyrillic) | Metabolic syndrome |
| Battin AO, Hobeika N & Zdilla MJ | Systematic review of medicinal leech therapy in urology | 2023 | African Journal of Urology 2023; 29 (21): 1-13 | Review, Urology |
| Baudet J | The use of leeches in distal digital replantation | 1991 | Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis, 1991; 2 (1): 193-196 | Surgery |
| Bauters T, Buyle F, Blot S, Robays H, Vogelaers D, van Landuyt K, Vanhove W & Claeys G | Prophylactic use of levofloxacin during medicinal leech therapy | 2014 | International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 2014; 36 (5): 995-999 | Pharmacovigilance, Prophylaxis |
| Bauters T, Buyle F, Verschaegen G, Vermis K, Vogelaers D, Claeys G & Robays H | Infection risk related to the use of medicinal leeches | 2007 | Pharm World Science, 2007; 29: 122-125 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Baviskar R | Ayurvedic leech therapy treats a 9-month old with success for abscess | 2019 | NourishDoc 2019 | Dermatology, Abscess, Ayurveda |
| Baviskar R & Reddy R | A leech application in post Covid thrombosed hemorrhoids with increased D`dimer level - A case study | 2021 | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2021; 6 (4): 333-336 | Dermatology, Haemorrhoids, COVID 19 |
| Becanim F, Berktas SA & Ceylan M | What is need to be known about medicinal leeches and hirudotherapy?: A comprehensive review | 2022 | Anadolu Tibbi Dergisi 2022; 1 (3): 23-36 | Review |
| Beer AM | Blutegeltherapie: von der charismatischen Volksmedizin zur Evidence Based Medicine | 2002 | Erfahrungsheilkunde, 2002: 458-461 | Review Article, Therapy |
| Beer AM, Fey S, Ciborovius & Knorr M | Arzneimittelexanthem in Zusammenhang mit Trimethoprim- und Sulfamethoxazol-Medikation – Blutegeltherapie als triggernder Faktor. | 2005 | Forschende Komplementärmedizin Klassische Naturheilkunde, 2005: 32-36 | Pharmacovigilance, Dermatology, Skin Reactions |
| Beer AM, Fey S, Kuhnen C & Mentzel T | Kutane Arthropodenreaktion nach Blutegeltherapie | 2001 | Akta Dermatologika, 2001;27:42-46 | Pharmacovigilance, Dermatology, Skin Reactions, Arthropode Reaction |
| Beger B, Loewenich F, Goetze E, Moergel M & Walter C | Leech related Aeromonas veronii complex infection after reconstruction with a microvascular forearm flap | 2016 | Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Online Publication 06 September 2016 | Surgery, Infection |
| Behcet A, Yenen ME & Aldemir M | Rectal bleeding due to leech bite: A case report | 2011 | Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery, 2011; 17 (1): 83-86 | Hirudiniasis |
| Beka L, Fullmer MS, Colston SM, Nelson MC, Talagrand-Reboul E, Walker P, Ford B, Whitaker IS, Lamy B, Gogarten P & Graf J | Low-level antimicrobials in the medicinal leech select for resistant pathogens that spread to patients | 2018 | mBio 2018; 9 (4): 1-17 | Infections, Antibiotic Resistance, Aeromonas hydrophila |
| Belaldavar BP, Umest N, Mohit S & Kalakuntlar M | An uncalled guest in the nose: A living leech | 2016 | International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health 2016; 3 (12): 3595-3597 | Hirudiniasis |
| Benecke M | Einfache Darstellung des Nervensystems und weiterer Strukturen junger Blutegel | 1995 | Mikrokosmos, 1995; 84: 311-313 | Biology |
| Bennett-Marsden M & Ng A | Hirudotherapy: A guide to using leeches to drain blood from tissue | 2014 | Clinical Pharmacist, 2014; 6 (3) | Surgery, Procedure |
| Be-Nun L | Medicinal properties of leeches | 2020 | Beer-Sheva 2020 | Review |
| Bergh A, Lund I, Boström A, Hyytiäinen H & Asplund K | A systematic review of complementary and alternative veterinary medicine: "Miscellaneous Therapies" | 2021 | Animals 2021; 11: 3356 | Veterinary Medicine, Review Article |
| Bertheuil N, Leclere FM, Bekara F, Watier E, Flécher E & Duisit J | Superior epigastric artery perforator flap for reconstruction of deep sternal wound infection | 2021 | Microsurgery 2021: inpress | Surgery |
| Betzel C, Danter Z, Genov N et al. | Structure of the proteinase inhibitor eglin c with hydrolysed reactive centre at 2.0 A resolution | 1993 | FEBS Letters, 1993; 317 (3): 185-188 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Bezzola T | Efficacité de l`application de sangsues sur un modèle de lambeau cutané de type “random” chez le rat | 2007 | Thèse de doctorat, Université Genève | Pharmacology, Surgery |
| Bhagat PJ & Sharma SU | Efficacy of Jalaukavacharna therapy in acne - A literature review and meta analysis | 2020 | International Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Research 2020; 17 (4): 387-398 | Dermatology, Acne |
| Bhagat PJ, Raut SJ & Lakhapati AM | Clinical efficacy of Jalaukavacharana (leech application) in thrombosed piles | 2012 | AYU 2012; 33(2): 261-263 | Dermatology, Haemorrhoids |
| Bhalara B & Patel J | A clinical success in the management of Kotha (Digital Gangrene) by leech therapy and Panchtiktaghritaguggulu - A single case study | 2021 | International Journal of Advanced Research 2021; 9 (08): 668-672 | Wound Healing, Venous Congestion, Gangrene |
| Bhangare AN & Lahange SM | A critical review on consequence of Jalaukavacharan (leech therapy) in clinical practice | 2016 | International Journal of Medical and Health Research 2016; 2 (9): 70-75 | Ayurveda, Review Article |
| Bharanijan KS, Jalagandeswarar K & Ashok V | Hirudotherapy - A cure in vampire`s kiss: A review | 2016 | Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Research 2016; 8 (8): 822-827 | Therapy, History |
| Bhat AI, Habib A, Mustafa AKG, Tariq S, Saif R, Wani Z, Islam N & Wajid MA | Leech therapy in alopecia areata – A single case report | 2014 | Case Study Case Reports, 2014 ; (3): 118-124 | Alopecia areata, Autoimmune Disease |
| Bhatbhage BJ, Asutkar S & Badwe Y | Evaluation of healing effect of Jalaukavacharana on Dushta Vrana (CNHU) w.s.r to wound bed preparation based on T.I.M.E. principle | 2023 | International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 2023; 11 (4): 695-699 | Wound Healing, Ulcer |
| Bhuyan C, Dudhamal TS & Gupta SK | Jalaukavacharan (Leech application): Para-surgical approach to Shlipada (Fileriasis): A pilot study | 2012 | Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga 2012; 5 (3): 15-21 | Elephantiasis, Fileriasis |
| Bibbo C, Fritschel T, Stemper M & Hall M | Flap infection associated with medicinal leeches in reconstructive surgery: Two new drug-resistant organisms | 2013 | Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, 2013; 29 (7): 457-460 | Surgery, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pharmacovigilance, Antibiotics, Resistance |
| Bichler J, Fichtl B, Siebeck M & Fritz H | Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hirudin in man after single subcutaneous and intravenous bolus injection | 1988 | Arzneimittelforschung, 1988; 38 (5): 704-710 | Anticoagulation, Saliva, Hirudin |
| Bickel KD, Lineaweaver WC, Follansbee S et al. | Intestinal flora of the medicinal leech Hirudinaria manillensis | 1994 | Journal of Reconstr uctive Microsurgery, 1994; 10 (2): 83-85 | Hirudo manillensis, Infections |
| Biondi C, Belardetti F & Brunelli M | Increased synthesis of cyclic AMP and short-term plastic changes in the segmental ganglia of the leech Hirudo medicinalis | 1982 | Cellular and Molecular NAI, Habib A, eurobiology, 1982; 2 (2): 81-92 | Biology, Nervous System |
| Bishop JL, Vasudev M, Garcia N, Heslop G, Pham TT, Hicks MD, Chowdhury F & Grayson JW | Effect of perioperative antithrombotics on head and neck microvascular free flap survival after anastomotic revision | 2023 | Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery 2023: 1-9 | Surgery, Venous Congestion |
| Bitzer S, Peters K, Klügel R, Berndsen M & Garanin G | 4 Fachleute - 4 Behandlungsmethoden Rhizarthrose | 2017 | Zeitschrift für Komplementärmedizin 2017; 9 (3): 44-45 | Rhizarthritis |
| Blaise S, LeBrun V, Sparsa A, Debrous JL & Bonnetblanc JM | Contact dermatitis with Hirudo medicinalis | 2002 | Ann Dermatol Venereol, 2002; 129 (12): 1380-1382 | Pharmacovigilance, Dermatitis, Eczema, Dermatology, HiruCrème, Leech Ointment |
| Blaszkowska J & Litwinowicz A | Prevention of transmission of potentially pathogenic fungi from the leech H. verbana used in hirudotherapy | 2016 | Annals of Parasitology 2016; 62 (suppl.): 165 | Microbiology, Pathogenic Fungi, Infections, Transmission |
| Blessmann M & Schmelzle R | Die Blutegeltherapie in der plastischen Chirurgie | 2009 | In: Michalsen A, Roth M: Blutegeltherapie. Stuttgart, Haug 2009: 70-79 | Review Article, Surgery |
| Bocktor NZ | Leech; A threat, an intervention or a pharmacy; A review | 2022 | Egyptian Academic Journal of Biologic Sciences 2022; 14 (1): 117-131 | Review Article |
| Bode W, Papamokos E & Musil D | The high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of the complex formed between subtilisin Carlsberg and eglin c, an elastase inhibitor from the leech Hirudo medicinalis. Structural analysis, subtilisin structure and interface geometry | 1987 | European Journal of Biochemistry, 1987; 166 (3): 673-692 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Böhnke E | Die Blutegeltherapie in der Praxis | 1993 | Volksheilkunde, 1993: 4-11 | Therapy |
| Bomar L, & Graf J | Investigation into the physiologics of Aeromonas veronii in vitro and inside the digestive tract of the medicinal leech using RNA-seq | 2012 | Biological Bulletin, 2012; 223: 155-166 | Hirudo medicinalis, Aeromonas |
| Bonow M & Svanberg I | Urban ponds for breeding medicinal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis, Linnaeus 1758) | 2017 | Meta: Medelhidsarkeologisk Tidskrift 2017: 63-72 | History, Biology |
| Boodman E | Antibiotics-resistant infections appeared after surgery. Were they transmitted by leeches? | 2018 | https://www.statnews.com/2018/07/24/antibiotic-resistant-infections-leeches/ | Infections, Pharmacovigilance, Antibiotics Resistance, Aeromonas hydrophyla |
| Bopparathi S & Narasimha Raju KV | Diabetic foot ulcer with osteomyelitis, successfully treated with the holistic approach of multiple ayurvedic treatment modalities - A case report | 2023 | International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 2023; 107, 108315 | Diabetic Foot, Ulcer |
| Borakhade VR & Khot VS | Treatment of Indralupta with local Jalaukavacharan and application of Gunja Beeja Lepa: A case report | 2015 | International Journal of Herbal Medicine 2015; 3 (2): 24-25 | Dermatology, Alopecia |
| Borden TA, Rosen RT & Schwarz GR | Massive scrotal hematoma developing after transfemoral cardiac cathgerization | 1974 | American Surgery, 1974; 40: 193 | Haematoma |
| Bordon KCF, Cologna CT, Fornari-Baldo EC, Pinheiro-Junior EL, Cerni FA, Amorim FG, Anjolette FAP, Cordeiro FA, Wiezel GA, Cardoso IA, Ferreira FA, deOlivera IS, Boldrini-Franca J, Pucca MB, Baldo MA & Arantes EC | From animal poisins and venoms to medicines: Achievements, challenges and perspectives in drug discovery | 2020 | Frontiers in Pharmacology 2020; 11: 1132 | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Boroffka I | Osmo- und Volumenregulation bei Hirudo medicinalis | 1968 | Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie, 1968; 57: 348-375 | Hirudo medicinalis, Biology |
| Botirovna TG | The importance of hirudotherapy in hypertension | 2023 | World Bulletin of Public Health 2023; 23: 107-111 | Hypertension |
| Bottenberg H | Erfahrungen in der Blutegelbehandlung | 1934 | Hippokrates, 1934; 5 | Therapy |
| Bottenberg H | Handhabung der Blutegeltherapie | 1935 | Die Medizinische Welt, 1935; 9: 647 | Therapy |
| Bottenberg H | Indikationserweiterung der Blutegelbehandlung | 1936 | Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1936; 83 (4): 127-130 | Therapy |
| Bottenberg H | Wissenschaftliche und praktische Fragen zur Blutegelbehandlung | 1936 | Hippokrates, 1936; 26: 677-685 | Therapy |
| Bottenberg H | Blutegelbehandlung bei Mastoiditis | 1937 | Hippokrates, 1937; 31: 769-771 | Therapy, Mastoiditis |
| Bottenberg H | Indikationsstellung zur Blutegel- und Schröpfbehandlung | 1941 | Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1941; 88: 312-313 | Therapy |
| Bottenberg H | Die Blutegelbehandlung. | 1983 | Stuttgart, Hippokrates 1983 | Handbook |
| Bourdais L, Heusse JL, Aillet S et al. | Complication infectieuse d‘un lambeau de TRAM liée aux sangsues: à propos d‘un cas | 2010 | Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthétique, 2010; 55 (1): 71-73 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Boute NJ | The use of medical leeches for venous congestion | 2014 | Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 2014; 3: 173-178 | Veterinary Medicine, Cat |
| Bowen SM | The medicinal leech possesses all mechanisms of influence for preventing pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 | 2022 | Journal of Otolaryngology Research & Reports 2022; 1 (1): 1-5 | COVID 19 |
| Braga A, Lineaweaver WC, Whitney TM, Follansbee S, Buncke HJ | Sensitivities of Aeromonas hydrophila cultured from medicinal leeches to oral antibiotics | 1990 | Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, 1990; 6 (2): 135-137 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Aeromonas hydrophila, Antibiosis |
| Braschler TR, Merino S, Tomas JM & Graf J | Complement resistance is essential for colonization of the digestive tract of Hirudo medicinalis by Aeromonas strains | 2003 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2003; 69 (7): 4268-4271 | Biology, Digestive System, Aeromonas hydrophila |
| Braun NJ & Schnebli HP | A brief review of the biochemistry and pharmacology of Eglin c, an elastase inhibitor | 1986 | European Journal of Respiratory Diseases Supplement, 1986; 146: 541-547 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Braun NJ, Bodmer JL, Virca GD et al. | Kinetic studies on the interaction of eglin c with human leucocyte elastase and cathapepsin G | 1987 | Biological Chemistry Hoppe Seyler, 1987; 368: 299-308 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Braza ME & Ford RD | Pedicled anterolateral thigh flaps for groin reconstruction | 2023 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open. 2023; 11(2 Suppl): 7 | Surgery |
| Brent A, Chang S, Hall R, Howard BE, Neel GS, Donald C, Lal D, Nagel TH & Hayden RE | Submental flap for reconstruction of anterior skull base, orbital, and high facial defects | 2019 | American Journal of Otolaryngology 2019; 40 (2): 218-223 | Surgery |
| Brody GA, Maloney WJ & Hentz VR | Digit replantation applying the leech Hirudo medicinalis | 1989 | Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 1989; 245; 133-137 | Surgery |
| Bromley HJ | The freshwater leeches annelida hirudinea of Israel and adjacent areas | 1994 | Israel Journal of Zoology, 1994; 40: 1-24 | Leeches, Demography, Biology |
| Brown PR | Use of leeches | 1990 | Veterinary Record, 1990; 127 (10): 268 | Veterinary Medicine |
| Bruchhausen F, Ebel S, Frahm AW & Hackenthal E | Hirudo | 1993 | Hagers Handbuch der pharmazeutischen Praxis, Springer; Berlin Heidelberg New York 1993: 852-858 | Handbook, Pharmaceutics, Hirudin |
| Brück F | Die Ersatzbehandlungen des Aderlasses | 1943 | Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1943; 93: 422-426 | Therapy |
| Bruckbauer H | Perkutane Resorption von Blutegelwirkstoffen (Eglin und Hirudin) an der isolierten Schweinehaut und im in-vivo-Modell an der Maus | 1984 | Dissertation München 1984 | Saliva, Hirudin, Eglin, Pharmacology, Kinetics, Leech Ointment |
| Brzezinski P, Solovan C, Chiriac A & Foia L | Case report: Positive outcome of medical leeches (hirudotherapy) for venous congestion | 2015 | Malawi Medical Journal, 2015; 27 (1): 38-39 | Dermatology, Erythema, Pharmacovigilance |
| Bucha E, Nowak G & Markwardt F | Prevention of experimental coronary thrombosis by hirudin | 1988 | Folia Haematologica, 1988; 12 (115): 52-58 | Thrombosis, Thrombolysis |
| Bugnazet L, Pons JM & Karchen J | Les sangsues en pratique hospitalière | 2001 | Lyon Pharmaceutique, 2001; 52: 1-6 | Review Article, Surgery |
| Büller HR | Neuer oraler Faktor-Xa-Inhibitor Rivaroxaban zeigt in Phase II-Langzeitstudien vielversprechende Ergebnisse | 2006 | World Congress of Cardiology 2006 | Saliva, Faktor X a-Inhibitor, Rivaroxaban |
| Büller HR, Davidson BL, Decousus H et al. | Fondaparinux or enoxaparin for the initial treatment of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis: a randomized trial | 2004 | Annals of Internal Medicine, 2004; 140 (11): 867-873 | Saliva, Faktor X a-Inhibitor, Fondaparinux, Thrombolysis |
| Bulling B | Die Behandlung der Thrombophlebitis mit Blutegeln | 2010 | Vasomed, 2010; 22 (1): 6 | Thrombophlebitis |
| Buncke HJ | Microsurgical reattachment of totally amputated ears | 1987 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1987; 79: 541 | Surgery |
| Bunker TD | The contemporary use of the medicinal leech. Injury. | 1981 | The British Journal of Accident Surgery. Injury 1981; 12 (5): 430-432 | Review Article, Surgery, Haematoma |
| Buntic RF & Brooks D | Standardized protocol for artery-only fingertip replantation | 2010 | Journal of Hand Surgery, 2010; 35 (9): 1491-1496 | Surgery, Anticoagulation, Blood Flow Measurement, Combination Therapy |
| Buote NJ | The use of medical leeches for venous congestion. A review and case report | 2014 | Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 2014; 27 (3): 173-178 | Veterinary Medicine |
| Bürgy J | Sind die Würmer satt, ist die Arthrose weg | 2001 | Gesundheit Sprechstunde, 2001: 26-27 | Osteoarthritis |
| Burkhonov AB & Krashenyuk AI | Hirudotherapy in in aseptic necrosis after suffering COVID 19 | 2022 | Eurasian Scientific Herald 2022; 7: 133-144 | COVID 19, Bone necrosis, Blood coagulation |
| Busch B & Langhorst J | Naturheilkundliche Ansätze bei Gonarthrose | 2021 | Erfahrungsheilkunde 2021; 70 (01): 12-19 | Alternative Medicine, Gonarthrosis |
| Büsing KH, Döll W & Freytag K | Die Bakterienflora der medizinischen Blutegel | 1953 | Archiv für Mikrobiologie, 1953; 19 (1): 52-86 | Pharmacovigilance, Aeromonas hydrophila |
| Butt AM, Ismail A, Lawson-Smith M, Shahid M, Webb, J & Chester DL | Leech therapy for the treatment of venous congestion in flaps, digital re-plants and revascularizations - A two-year review from a regional centre | 2016 | Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad 2016; 28 (2): 219-223 | Surgery, Review Article |
| Butzengeiger O | Zur Ätiologie und Therapie der Thrombose | 1931 | Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1931; 17: 713-715 | Thrombosis, Anticoagulation |
| Bykowski MR, Zhu X & Diaz-Garcia R | Ceftriaxone-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila infection following leech therapy: A new resistance strain | 2018 | Annals of Plastic Surgery 2018; 26 June | Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Aeromonas hydrophila |
| Byrne PJ, & Bernstein PE | The use of medicinal leeches to treat macroglossia secondary to blunt trauma | 2001 | Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery 2001; 125: 649-650 | Haematoma |
| Cakmak T, Caltekin I, Gkcen E, Savrun E & Yasar E | Kounis syndrome due to hirudotherapy (leech therapy) in emergency department: A case report | 2017 | Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine 2017; 1-3 | Pharmacovigilance, Allergy, Kounis Syndrome |
| Calabrese RL & Norris BJ | RFamide peptides in the leech, Hirudo medicinalis | 1989 | American Zoologist, 1989; 29: 1227-1239 | Biology |
| Calder IG & Smith VH | Hyaluronidase and sodium hyaluronate in cataract surgery | 1986 | British Journal of Ophthalmology,1986; 70: 418-420. | Saliva, Hyaluronidase, Anaesthesia |
| Caliskan M, Altay A, Eren A & Atayoglu AT | An integrative approach for idiopathic granulomatous mastitis | 2020 | Indian Journal of Surgery 2020; 16 MAY | Mastitis |
| Camison L, Naran S, Maricevich R, Adetayo O, Savit A Grunwaldt LJ, Goldstein j A, & Losee JE | Large composite cartilage crafts with hyperbaric oxygen: An alternative in pediatric facial reconstruction | 2015 | Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 2015; 135 (4S): 1187 | Surgery |
| Can B | Nonmicrosurgical ear replantations. In Güler ÖT & Ercan EA Perspectives in Health and Medicine 2021, IKSA Publishing House 2021: 99-107 | 2021 | Perspectives in Health and Medicine 2021, IKSA Publishing House 2021: 99-107 | Surgery, Ear Replantation |
| Canpolat I & Saglam N | Treatment of a diffuse hematoma in a dog with the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis | 2004 | Dogu Anadolu Bölgesi Arasturmalan, 2004: 97-99 | Veterinary Medicine, Haematoma, Dog |
| Canpolat I & Saglam N | Treatment of oral hematomas in dogs with the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis | 2004 | Dogu Anadolu Bölgesi Arasturmalan, 2004: 67-69 | Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology, Haematoma, Dog |
| Caragher SP, Hwang CD, Gardenier JC, Khouri KS, Buta MR, McCarty JC, Ford OA, Ehret A & Cetrulo CL | Posttraumatic lip replantation in a pregnant woman | 2022 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open 2022: 1-4 | Surgery, Lip Replantation |
| Cardot JM, Lefévre GY & Godbillon JA | Pharmacokinetics of Rec-Hirudin in healthy volunteers after intravenous administration. | 1994 | Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, 1994; 22 (2): 147-156. | Saliva, Recombinant Hirudin |
| Catarsi S, Garcia-Gil G, Traina G & Brunelli M | Seasonal variation of serotonin content and nonassociative learning of swim induction in the leech Hirudo medicinalis | 1990 | Journal of Comparative Physiology, 1990; 167: 469-474 | Biology, Nervous System, Serotonin |
| Cesur Ö | Randomisierte kontrollierte Studie zur Wirksamkeit der Blutegeltherapie bei symptomatischer Rhizarthrose | 2009 | Dissertation, Duisburg-Essen 2009 | Osteoarthritis |
| Ceylan M | Effects of maternal age on reproductive performance of the southern medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana Carena 1820 | 2020 | Journal Reproduction Science 2020; in press | Leech Breeding |
| Ceylan M, Cetinhayan O, Kücükhara R & Akcimen U | Reproduction efficiency of the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820 | 2015 | Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquaristic Sciences, 2015; 15: 417-424 | Biology, Breeding |
| Ceylan M, Kücükkara R & Akcimen U | Effects of broodstock density on reproduction efficiency and survival of Southern medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820 | 2018 | Aquaculture 2018; 10 AUG 2018, in press | Biology, Breeding |
| Chalisova NI, Baskova IP, Zavalova LL, Pennijainen VA | Neurite-stimulating effect of Hirudo medicinalis salivary gland secreting factors in organotypic culture of the dorsal root ganglia | 2001 | Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imemi, 2001; 87: 815-820 | Saliva, Destabilase, Bdellins, Neurones |
| Chalisova NI, Pennijajnen VP & Baskova IP | Neurite-stimulating activity of secretions from the Hirudo medicinalis salivary gland in cultured sensory neurons | 2001 | Ross Fiziol Zh I M Sechnova, 2001; 87 (12): 1650-1655 | Saliva, Neurones |
| Chalisova NI, Pennijajnen VP, Baskova IP et al. | The neurite-stimulating activity of components of the salivary gland secretion of the medicinal leech in cultures of sensory neurons | 2003 | Neuroscience Behavioural Physiology, 2003; 33: 411-414 | Saliva, Destabilase, Bdellins, Neurones, Neurology |
| Chan WY, Carter LM & Wales CJ | Leech control: a cheap and simple method | 2006 | Annals of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2006; 57 (1): 120-121 | Surgery, Methodology |
| Chang JY, Ngai PK, Rink H et al. | The structural elements of hirudin which bind to the fibrinogen recognition site of thrombin are exclusively located within its acidic C-terminal tail | 1990 | FEBS letters, 1990; 261 (2): 287-290 | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Chao J & Chao L | Functional analysis of human tissue Kallikrein in transgenic mouse models | 1996 | Hypertension, 1996; 27: 491-494 | Saliva, Hirustasin |
| Chaubey PK, Singh AK, Mishra SP & Singh OP | Biochemical analysis of anti-oxidation effect of leech therapy in the patients of osteo-arthritis | 2014 | World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014; 3 (8): 395-408 | Osteoarthritis, Anti-Oxidants |
| Chaudhari DR | To study the efficacy of Jalaukavacharan and Shadanga Guggulu in Puyalasa w.s-r. to acute dacryocystitis | 2016 | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2016; 1 (4): 39-41 | Dermatology, Lacrimal Sac Infection, Dacrocystitis |
| Chaudhary S, Kajaria D & Kant R | Management of BUERGER`S disease through Ayurveda - A case report | 2020 | International Journal of Ayurveda 2020; 8 (8) | Wound Healing, Ulcer, BUERGER`S Disease |
| Chaudhary S, Vaghela B & Joshi A | Effect of Ayurvedic management on Kshata Shukra (Ulcerative Keratitis): A rare case report | 2022 | Ayurpub. International Ayurveda Publications 2022; VII (5): 2211-2217 | Ayurveda, Keratitis |
| Chen C, Scott F, Ipaktchi KR & Lauder A | Postoperative digit and hand replantation protocols: A review of the literature | 2021 | Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: June 29; published ahead of print | Review Article, Surgery |
| Chen WC, Chien CY, Yang CH, Li JH & Hwang CF | Nasal leech infestation: report of seven leeches and literature review | 2010 | European Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 2010, 267 (8): 1225-1229 | Review Article, Hirudiniasis, Epistaxis |
| Cheng RM, Tang XP, Long AI, Mwangi J, Sun RP & Long CB | Purification and characterization of a novel anti-coagulant from the leech Hirudinaria manillensis | 2019 | Science Press 2019: 1-6 | Biology, Saliva |
| Cheng Shi-ping, Liu Jia-lin & Yuan Jing | Study of the effect of leeching on plasma endothelin and soluble interleukin-2 receptor in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus | 2005 | Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2005; 11 (1): 65-68 | Lupus erythematodes |
| Chepeha DB, Nussenbaum B, Bradford CR, Teknos TN | Leech therapy for patients with surgically unsalvageable venous obstruction after revascularized free tissue transfer | 2002 | Archives of Otolaryngology, 2002; 128 (8): 960-965 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Chhayani K, Daxini P & Patel P | An overview on medicinal leech therapy | 2023 | Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2023; 11: 107-113 | Review |
| Chmiel H, Anadere I, Moser K | Hemorheological changes under blood leeching | 1989 | Clinical Hemorheology, 1989; 9: 569-576 | Anticoagulation, Pharmacology |
| Cho BH, Ahn HB | Microsurgical replantation of a partial ear, with leech therapy | 1999 | Annals of Plastic Surgery, 1999; 43 (4): 427-429 | Surgery |
| Choi Y & Kim SC | Cutaneous pseudolymphoma induced by Hirudo medicinalis therapy | 2012 | Journal of Dermatology, 2012; 39 (2): 195-197 | Pharmacovigilance, Dermatology, Pseudolymphoma |
| Choudhary PK | Leech therapy in Thromboangiitis obliterans (BUERGER`S Disease) | 2015 | Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine, 2015; 3 (6): 130-134 | Wound Healing, Thromboangiitis (BUERGER`S Disease), Doppler Fluorimetry |
| Chua S, Pitts M & Lemark P | A simple flexible and readily applicable method of boundary construction to prevent leech migration | 2015 | Singapore Medical Journal 2015; 56 (11): 644 | Procedure |
| Chun JK, Sterry P, Margoles SL & Silver L | Salvage of ear replantation using the temporoparietal fascial flap | 2000 | Annals of Plastic Surgery, 2000; 44 (4): 435-439 | Surgery |
| Clancy S & Tan MC | Late salvage of a free TRA flap with medicinal leech therapy: a case report | 2009 | Microsurgery, 2009, Jan 15, 14939 | Surgery |
| Clark NM, Femino JE & Chenoweth CE | Aeromonas infection after medicinal leech therapy: case reports and review of the literature | 2001 | Infectious diseases in clinical practice, 2001; 10: 211-218 | Pharmacovigilance, Aeromonas |
| Clark SA, Valauri FA, Buncke HI & Alpert BS | The use of leeches in microsurgery | 1987 | American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery. San Antonio (Texas/USA) 1987 | Surgery |
| Claude A | Spreading properties of leech extracts and the formation of lymph | 1937 | The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1937; 66: 353-367 | Biology |
| Claude A | Spreading properties and mucolytic activity of leech extracts | 1940 | Proceedings of Society Experimental Biological Medicine, 1940; 43: 684-689 | Saliva |
| Clemenz N | Wirkung der Blutegeltherapie auf die Schmerzintensität bei Patienten mit Arthrose: Systematische Literaturübersicht | 2011 | Bachelor Thesis FH HES-SO, Wallis CH | Osteoarthritis |
| Coban K, Bas C & Aydin E | Acute mastoiditis following leech therapy in the treatment of acute otitis media | 2018 | Scholarena 2018; 1 (1): 1-3 | Otitis media |
| Cole D | Clinical hirudology: revival of an ancient art | 1985 | New Zealand Medical Journal, 1985; 98 (771): 28-29 | History |
| Concannon MJ & Puckett CL | Microsurgical replantation of an ear in a child without venous repair | 1998 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 1998; 102 (6): 2088-2093 | Surgery |
| Conforti ML, Connor NP, Heisey DM & Hartig GK | Evaluation of performance characteristics of the medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) for the treatment of venous congestion | 2002 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2002; 109 (1): 228-235 | Pharmacology, Surgery, Doppler Fluorimetry |
| Conley K & Juergens AL | Leech bite | 2019 | StatPearls 2019; update March 2019 | Review |
| Connor NP, Conforti ML, Heisey DM, Vanderby R, Kunz D & Hartig GK | Augmented blood removal after medical leech feeding in congested tissue flaps | 2002 | Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 2002; 39 (4): 505-512 | Surgery, Secondary Haemorrhage, Mechanical Leech |
| Cooper EL & Mologne N | Exploiting leech saliva to treat osteoarthritis: A provocative perspective | 2016 | Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 2016; 1-3 | Saliva, Osteoarthritis |
| Cooper EL, Balamurugan M, Huang CY et al. | Earthworms dilong: Ancient, inexpensive, noncontroversial models may help clarify approaches to integrated medicine emphasizing neuroimmune systems | 2012 | Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, 2012: 164152 | History, Saliva |
| Cooper JE | Veterinary surgeons and leeches | 1989 | Veterinary Record, 1989; 125 (5): 117 | Veterinary Medicine |
| Cornejo A, Shammas RL, Povomero LP, Lee HJ & Hollenbeck ST | Institutional outcomes of leech therapy for venous congestion in 87 patients | 2017 | Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 2017; e-publ. | Surgery |
| Cottler PS, Gampper TJ, Rodeheaver GT & Skalak TC | Evaluation of clinically applicable exsanguination treatments to alleviate venous congestion in an animal skin flap model | 1999 | Wound Repair and Regeneration, 1999; 7 (3): 187-195 | Surgery, Pharmacology, Mechanical Leech, Doppler Fluorimetry |
| Crisp KM, Klukas KA, Gilchrist LS et al. | Distribution and development of dopamine- and octodopamine-synthesizing neurons in the medicinal leech | 2002 | The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2002; 442: 115-129 | Biology |
| Croft AM, Chandra S, Fernandez GAP & Michalsen A | Cochrane Review (Protocol): Leeches (Hirudinea)for osteoarthritis | 2014 | Cochrane Library, Wiley 2014 | Review Article, Osteoarthritis |
| Crowe CS, Tolley PD, Mauch JT, Miller EA & Kao D | Management of artery-only digit replantation: A systematic review of the literature | 2022 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2022; May 10, publ online | Surgery, Review Article |
| Cruz CP, Eidt J, Drouilhet J et al. | Saratin, an inhibitor of von Willebrand factor-dependent platelet adhesion, decreases platelet aggregation and intimal hyperplasia in a rat carotid endarterectomy model. | 2001 | Journal of Vascular Surgery, 2001; 34: 724-729 | Saliva, Calin, Saratin |
| Csoka TB, Frost G, Stern R | Hyaluronidase in tissue invasion | 1997 | Invasion Metastasis, 1997 ; 17 (6) : 297-311 | Saliva, Hyaluronidase |
| Cuddy LC | Wound closure, tension-relieving techniques, and local flaps | 2017 | Online available 12 AUG 2017 | Veterinary Medicine, Wound Closure |
| Curcio J & Lloyd CM | Leech me alone! Atraumatic hemarthrosis after hirudotherapy | 2020 | Cureus 2020; 12 (2): e6915 | Pharmacovigilance, Hemarthrosis |
| Daane S, Zamora S & Rockwell WB | Clinical use of leeches in reconstructive surgery | 1997 | American Journal of Orthopedics 1997; 26 (8): 528-532 | Surgery |
| Dabb RW, Malone JM, Leverett LC | The use of medicinal leeches in the salvage of flaps with venous congestion | 1992 | Annals of Plastic Surgery, 1992; 29: 250-256 | Surgery |
| Dahaghin S, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Ginai AZ et al. | Prevalence and pattern of radiographic hand osteoarthritis and association with pain and disability (the Rotterdam study) | 2005 | Annals of Rheumatic Diseases, 2005; 64: 682-687. | Methodology |
| Danilov AG, Zhivoglyad LN, Bondarenko OA, Olga M. Voroshilova OM, Aleksenko VY, Bogatyreva I | Multidimensional phase-space analysis in assessing the health of patients with hypertensive disease in the north of Russia | 2015 | Biology and Medicine, 2015; 7 (3): 109-115 | Hypertension |
| Daraei P, Calligas JP, Katz E, Etra JW, Sethna AB | Reconstruction of upper lip avulsion after dog bite: Case report and review of literature | 2014 | American Journal of Otolaryngology, 2014; 35 (2): 219-225 | Surgery, Review Article |
| Darestani KD, Mirghazanfari SM, Moghaddam KG, Hejazi S | Leech therapy for linear incisional skin-wound healing in rats | 2014 | Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 2014; 7 (4): 194 -201 | Pharmacology, Wound Healing, Surgery |
| Darwin E, Vaughn AR & Lov-Tov H | Integrative treatment for chronic wounds (p. 310) | 2019 | In: Franca K & Lotti T. Advances in Integrative Dermatology, New Jersey 2019; 295-321 | Wound Healing |
| Das BK | An overview on hirudotherapy/leech therapy | 2014 | Indian Research Journal of Pharmacy and Science, 2014; 1(1): 33-45 | Review Article |
| Dash B, Pattajoshi G, Zaidi SMA & Das S | Practice of leech therapy in Ayurveda-Siddha-Sowa Rigpa-Unani (ASU) system of medicines: A cost-effective treatment | 2021 | International Journal of Ayurveda and Traditional Medicine 2021; 3 (4): 30-37 | Review Article, Ayurveda |
| Davies RW, McLoughlin NJ | The effects of feeding regime on the growth and reproduction of the medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) | 1996 | Freshwater Biology, 1996; 36: 563-568 | Hirudo medicinalis, Biology, Breeding |
| Davila VJ, Hoppe IC, Landi R, Ciminello FS | The effect of anchoring sutures on medicinal leech mortality | 2009 | Eplasty, 2009 Jul 21; 9: e29 | Surgery, Biology |
| Davoodi F, Taheri S, Raisi A, Rajabzadeh A, Zakian A, Hablolvarid MH & Ahmadvand H | Leech therapy (Hirudo medicinlais) attenuates testicular damages induced by testicular ischemia/reperfusion in an animal model | 2021 | BMC Veterinary Research 2021; 17: 256 | Pharmacology, Venous Congestion |
| Daye M, Isik B & Kilinc F | Lichen planus due to hirudotherapy | 2021 | Turkiye Parazitoloji Dergesi 2021; 45 (2): 149-152 | Pharmacovigilance, Lichen ruber planus |
| De Los Mozos-Perez B, Font-Jimenez I | Leeches in the intensive care unit: nursing care | 2007 | Enfermeria Clinica 2007; 17 (4): 211-214 | Surgery |
| DeChalain TMB | Exploring the use of the medicinal leech: a clinical benefit-risk analysis. | 1996 | Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, 1996 ; 12(3) : 165-172 | Surgery, Review Article |
| DeChalain TMB Cohen SR, Burstein FD | Successful use of leeches in the treatment of purpura fulminans | 1995 | Annals of Plastic Surgery, 1995; 35: 300-306 | Purpura fulminans, Dermatology |
| DeChalain TMB, Jones G | Replantation of the avulsed pinna: 100 percent survival with a single arterial anastomosis and substitution of leeches for a venous anastomosis | 1995 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1995; 95: 1275-1279 | Surgery |
| Deckmyn H, Stassen JM, Vreys I et al. | Calin from Hirudo medicinalis, an inhibitor of platelet adhesion to collagen, prevents platelet-rich thrombosis in hamsters | 1995 | Blood, 1995; 85 (3): 712-719 | Saliva, Calin, Saratin, Pharmacology |
| Dejobert Y, Martin B, Thomas P & Bergoend H | Contact dermatitis from topical leech extract | 1991 | Contact Dermatitis, 1991; 24 (5): 366-367 | Pharmacovigilance, Dermatology, Dermatitis, Allergy |
| Deka PM & Rajeev TP | Unusual cause of hematuria | 2001 | Urologia Internationalis, 2001; 66 (1): 41-42 | Hirudiniasis, Haematuria |
| Demirsoy A, Kasparek M & Akbulut A | Phenology of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, in north-western Turkey | 2001 | Hydrobiologia, 2001; 462: 19-24 | Biology. Hirudo population |
| Derganc M & Zdravic F | Venous congestion of flaps treated by application of leeches | 1980 | British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 1980; 13: 187-192 | Surgery |
| Desai MD & Rao PN | Critical review of Jalaukavacharana | 2016 | Ayurveda Medical Journal 2016; 2 (6): 1044-1050 | Review, Ayurveda |
| Deshmane VH & Pawar UV | Jalokavacharana in the Aamvata with special reference to rheumatoid arthritis | 2018 | International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 2018; 9 (4): 45-48 | Arthritis, Rheumatism |
| Deshmukh SS | Role of leeches in acne vulgaris | 2017 | International Journal of Researches in Biosciences, Agriculture and Technology 2017; 5 (1): 34-37 | Dermatology, Acne |
| Deshmukh SS & Khedar TS | Study of haematological parameters after leeches treatment | 2020 | University Grants Commission UGC Care Journal 2020; 31: 553-565 | Pharmacology, Haematology |
| Deshmukh SS, Varshney SS & Wankhede GN | Haematological alterations in human blood after leech application | 2012 | International Journal of Molecular Genetics 2012; 2 (1): 1-10 | Pharmacology, Haematology |
| Deuser E | Über Behandlungsmethoden von Distorsionen, Kontusionen und Hämatomen im Sportgeschehen | 1971 | Sportarzt und Sportmedizin, 1971; 22: 112-113 | Othopaedics, Sports Medicine, Haematoma, Distorsion, Contusion |
| Dey R & Dey S | Ocular leech infestation | 2010 | Archives of Iranian Medicine 2010; 13 (5): 440-442 | Hirudiniasis |
| Dhule M, Phull G & Phull R | Healing of a chronic ischaemic ulcer through leech therapy: A case study | 2022 | International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences 2022; 11 (1): 358-366 | Wound Healing, Ulcer, Dermatology |
| Dickinson MH & Lent CM | Feeding behaviour and the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis | 1984 | Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 1984; 154: 449-455 | Biology, Breeding, Hirudo medicinalis |
| Dickson WA, Boothman P & Hare K | An unusual source of hospital wound infection | 1984 | British Medical Journal, 1984; 289:1727-1728. | Surgery, Pharmacvogilance, Infections |
| Diebschlag W & Nocker W | Behandlung akuter lateraler Sprunggelenksdistorsionen: plazebokontrollierte Doppelblindstudie zum Nachweis der Wirksamkeit von Exhirud®-Salbe Spezial | 1987 | Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1987; 129: 803-806 | Orthopaedics, Sports Medicine, Distorsion, Contusions, Ankle Ligament Injury, Exhirud |
| Diebschlag W & Nocker W | Lokale Anwendung von Blutegelwirkstoffen bei Sprunggelenkverletzungen | 1989 | Zeitschrift für Allgemeinmedizin, 1989; 65 (22): 536-540 | Orthopaedics, Sports Medicine, Distorsion, Contusions, Ankle Ligament Injury, Exhirud |
| DiMarco S, Fendrich G & Knecht R | Recombinant Hirustasin: production in yeast, crystallization, and interaction with serine proteases | 1997 | Protein Science, 1997; 6 (1): 109-118 | Saliva, Hirustasin |
| Dippenaar R, Smith J, Goussard P & Walters E | Meningococcal Purpura fulminans treated with medical leeches | 2006 | Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 2006; 7 (5): 476-478 | Surgery, Paediatrics, Dermatology, Purpura fulminans, Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Dobos GJ | Es müssen nicht immer NSAR sein | 2018 | Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift 2018; 13 (160): 22 | Knee Osteoarthritis |
| Dogan O, Coban U, Ayhan I, Kasapoglu A & Caliskan E | Trial of hirudotherapy in labial necrosis: A case report | 2020 | Journal of Surgery and Medicine 2020; 4 (11): 1095-1097 | Surgery |
| Dogan S, Özgün MY, Akman C, Kalafat UM & Ocak T | Use of primary sutures to stop persistent bleeding due to hirudotherapy | 2016 | Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016: DOI 10.5152 | Pharmacovigilance, Bleeding |
| Dolek UC, Ozdemir S, Babayeva K & Gol M | Leech application-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A case report | 2023 | Bulletin of Emergency and Trauma 2023; doi: 10.30476/BEAT.2023.97246.1403 | Pharmacovigilance, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Inferttility |
| Döll W | Die Bedeutung von Pseudomonas hirudinis für die Verdauungsphysiologie des medizinischen Blutegels | 1952 | Dissertation Marburg 1952 | Biology, Leeches, Pseudomonas |
| Domogalla B | NMR-Lösungsstruktur des Proteins Saratin, strukturelle Charakterisierung der Saratin-Kollagen-Interaktion und des Carausius morosus-hyperthrehalosämischen Hormons (Cam-Hr-TH-I) | 2005 | Dissertation Regensburg 2005 | Saliva, Saratin, Calin |
| Dong H, Ren JX, Wang JJ, Ding LS, Zhao JJ, Liu SY & Gao HM | Chinese medicinal leech: Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities | 2016 | Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016; 7895953 | Chinese Medicine, Review Article, Hirudo, Shuizhi |
| Dörre U & Koeppen D | Rasche Schmerzreduktion bei guter Verträglichkeit | 2016 | Zeitschrift für Komplementärmedizin 2016; 6: 34-39 | General Practitioner, Haematoma, Gout, Pain, Osteoarthritis |
| Dressler H & Ehmann G | Lokaltherapie von Hämorrhoiden I. und II. Grades. Wirksamkeit eines Kombinationspräparats mit standardisiertem Blutegelextrakt | 1992 | Fortschritte der Medizin, 1992; 110 (16): 307-310 | Haemorrhoids, Leech ointment |
| Dudhamal TS & Sha B | Jalaukavacharan (Indian medicinal leech application) in the management of Raynaud`s disease: A single case report | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018; 1-7 | Raynaud`s Disease |
| Dudhamal TS, Sagra S & Kapadiya M | Leech therapy as an alternative therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee joint: A case series | 2023 | Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga 2023; 16 (1): 35-39 | Osteoarthritis, Gonarthrosis |
| Dudhrejiya AV, Pithadiya SB, Patel AB, Vyas AJ, Patel AI & Gol DA | Medicinal leech therapy and related case study: Overview in current medical field | 2023 | Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2023; 12(1): 21-31 | Review, Leishmaniasis, Alopecia, Woung Healing, Diabetic Foot, Gangrene |
| Duke M | Medicinal leeches in art and literature | 2019 | Hektoen International 2019 | History |
| Dunwiddie CT, Thornberry NA, Bull HG et al. | Antistasin, a leech derived inhibitor of factor X a. Kinetic analysis of enzyme inhibition and identification of ther reactive site | 1989 | Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1989; 264 (28): 16694-16699 | Saliva, Factor X a-Inhibitor |
| Dunwiddie CT, Vlasuk GP & Nutt EM | The hydrolysis and resynthesis of a single reactive site peptide bond in recombinant antistasin by coagulation factor X a | 1992 | Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 1992; 294 (2): 647-653 | Saliva, Factor X a-Inhibitor |
| Duroure F, Simon E, Fadhul S, Fyad JP, Chassagne JF & Stricker M | Microsurgical lip replantation: Evaluation of functional and aesthetic results of three cases | 2004 | Microsurgery 2004; 24 (4): 265-269 | Surgery, Lip Replantation |
| Durrani KM | Teach the leech the site to bite: another tip | 2010 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2010; 125 (6): 1844 | Surgery, Procedure |
| Durrant C, Townley WA, Ramkumar S & Khoo CT | Forgotten digital tourniquet: Salvage of an ischaemic finger by application of medicinal leeches | 2006 | Annals Royal College of Surgery in England, 2006; 88 (5): 462-464 | Surgery |
| Dwivedi AP | Case study of leech application in diabetic foot ulcer | 2012 | International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy, 2012; 3 (5): 748-751 | Dermatology, Wound Healing, Diabetic Foot, Ulcer |
| Dwiwedi A, Anaya P, Shivra N & Bibek M | Management of frozen shoulder by leech therapy and adjuvant phytotherapy: A case study | 2022 | International Journal of Health Sciences 2022; 6 (86): 435-445 | Frozen Shoulder |
| Dwiwedi SP | Role of jalaukavacharana (leech therapy) in the management of ankle sprain: A pilot study | 2014 | International Journal of Ayurveda & Alternative Medicine, 2014; 2 (4): 93-95 | Orthopaedics, Ankle Ligament Distorsion |
| Dykes IM & Macagno ER | Molecular characterization and embryonic expression of innexins in the leech Hirudo medicinalis | 2006 | Development Genes Evolution, 2006; 216: 185-197 | Biology, Nervous System |
| Echchaoui A, Ahmad AA, Raboune M & Fejjal N | The therapeutic inspiration of the humble leech as reconstructive surgery: A brief overview | 2016 | Perspectives in Medical research 2016; 4 (3): 47-50 | Surgery, Review Article |
| Ediweera ERH | A review on leech application (Jalaukacharana) in Ayurveda and Sri Lankean traditional medicine | 2014 | Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine, 2014; 2(1) | Review Article |
| Ediz L, Cagac A & Delen V | The efficacies of medicinal leech therapy and platelet rich plasma injection added to muscle stretching exercises in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome | 2021 | Eastern Journal of Medicine 2021; 26 (1): 109-116 | Myofascial Pain syndrome |
| Eguileor M, Tettamanti G, Grimaldi A, Congiu T, Ferrarese R, Perletti G, Valvassori R, Cooper EL & Lanzavecchia G | Leeches: Immune response, angiogenesis and biomedical applications | 2002 | Current Pharmaceutical Design 2002; 8: 99-110 | Biology |
| Elaltunkara T, Koyun M, KorkutN & Saglam N | Hirudinea (Annelida) Fauna of some wetlands in | | | |
| Bingöl Province" | 2022 | Turkiye Parazitoloji Dergesi 2022; 46 (3): 228-234 | Biology, Hirudo population | |
| El-Awady A | Maggots and leeches make a comeback | 2003 | Science in Africa 2002. http://www.scienceinafrica.co.za/2003/july/leech.htm | Review Article |
| Eldor A, Orevi M & Rigbi M | The role of the leech in medical therapeutics | 1996 | Blood Reviews, 1996; 10 (4): 201-209 | Review Article, Saliva, Hirudin, Calin, Destabilase, Hirustasin, Factor X a-Inhibitor, Apyrase, PAF-Inhibitor, Adrenalin, Phlebitis, Lower Leg Ulcer |
| Ellabban M, Ibrahim A, Gomah AA, Salah O, Abdelrahman I, Steinvall I, Adly O & Aboelnaga AM | Assessment of freestyle local perforator flaps for coverage of facial defects | 2020 | Journal of Cranofacial Surgery 2020; in press | Surgery |
| Elliott JM | Population size, weight distribution and food in a persistent population of the rare medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis | 2008 | Freshwater Biology, 2008; 53: 1502-1512 | Hirudo medicinalis, Biology |
| Elliott JM & Kutschera U | Medicinal leeches: historical use, ecology, genetics and conservation | 2011 | Freshwater Reviews, 2011; 4: 21-41 | Hirudo medicinalis, Biology |
| Elliott JM & Tullet PA | The medicinal leech | 1992 | Biologist, 1992; 39: 153-158 | Hirudo medicinalis, Biology |
| Elyassi AR, Terres J & Rowshan HH | Medicinal leech therapy on head and neck patients: A review of literature and proposed protocol | 2012 | Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, 2013; 116 (3): 167-172 | Surgery |
| Emtiazi M, Jokar SZ & Sadeghmanesh R | Nasal polyp in Iranian traditional medicine & conventional medicine | 2016 | Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences 2016; 41 (3 suppl): S 44 | ENT, Nasal Polyp |
| Engels S, Schauseil S & Gehrt A | Kompendium Mikrobiologie | 2010 | Medizinisches Laboratorium Düsseldorf 2010 | Infections |
| Engineer P, Makwana D, Dabbi A & Chudasama H | Comprehensive review of Jalaukavacharana - Leech therapy in purview of Ayurveda | 2023 | International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2023; 7: 623-630 | Review, Ayurveda |
| Erba F, Fiorucci L, Sommerhoff CP et al. | Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of leech-derived tryptase inhibitor interaction with bovine tryptase and bovine trypsin | 2000 | Biological Chemistry, 2000; 381 (11): 1117-1122 | Saliva, LDTI |
| Erbacher U | Venenerkrankungen. Blutegeltherapie | 2002 | Der Heilpraktiker . Verlag Volksheilkunde, 2002: 6-9 | Varicosis, Venous Diseases |
| Erbacher U | Die Blutegel-Therapie | 2011 | Naturheilpraxis, 2011; 9: 986-990 | Review Article, Varicosis,Thrombophlebitis |
| Ergesheva EV, Davidiants AA, Dorofeev AE, Sevbitova MA & Timoshina MD | Evaluation of effectiveness of an alternative method in complex treatment of dieseases of endodont | 2018 | Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics 2018; 12 (3): 933-936 | Dentistry, Periodontitis |
| Eriksson BI | Neuartiger oraler Faktor Xa-Hemmer BAY 59-7939: Positive Ergebnisse der Phase II-Studie zur einmal täglichen Gabe | 2005 | 47. Jahrestagung der American Society of Hematology, 2005. | Saliva, Factor Xa-Inhibitor |
| Eroglu C, Hokelek M, Guneren E et al. | Bacterial flow of Hirudo medicinalis and their antibiotic sensitivities in the Middle Black Sea Region, Turkey | 2001 | Annals of Plastic Surgery, 2001; 47 (1): 70-73 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Etemadi J, Ardalan MR, Motavali R, Tubbs S & Shoja MM | Thrombotic microangiopathy as a complication of medicinal leech therapy | 2008 | Southern Medical Journal 2008, July 9; in press | Pharmacovigilance, Microangiopathy, Renal failure |
| Evans J, Lunnis PJ, Gaunt PN et al. | A case of septicaemia due to Aeromonas hydrophila | 1990 | British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 1990; 43 (3): 371-372 | Pharmacovigilance, Aeromonas hydrophila, Sepsis |
| Facchin F, Lancerotto L, Arnez ZM, Bassetto F & Vindigni V | Leeching as salvage venous drainage in ear construction: Clinical case and review of literature | 2018 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open 2018; 6: 1-7 | Surgery, Ear Replantation |
| Faller A | Zur Frage der Struktur der glatten Muskelzellen von Hirudo medicinalis | 1964 | Zeitschrift für Zellforschung, 1964; 39: 85-93 | Biology, Muscles |
| Farooqui N, Khan S, Chaudhari AH & Pathan A | Literature review of Irsal-e-Alaq (Leech therapy) in Unani and modern science | 2019 | Unani and Modern Science Research and Reviews: A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy 2019; 6 (3): 21-29 | Review |
| Fattakhov NK, Tilyakhodzhaeva GB & Abdulkhakimov AR | Efficiency of application of hirudotherapy in have been coronaviral infection | 2021 | RA Journal of Applied Research 2021; 07 (04): 2908-2911 | Covid 19, Hypertension |
| Fazio MV, Economides JM & Pargavi E | Combined subcutaneous heparinization and negative pressure wall suction as mechanical adjunct for digital replant salvage | 2016 | Plastic Reconstruction Surgery Global Open 2016; 4 (7): e822 | Surgery |
| FDH Fachverband deutscher Heilpraktiker | Über die Blutegeltherapie | 2008 | www.heilpraktiker.org/patienteninfo/blutegel.htm | Review Article, Therapy |
| Federighi G, Macchi M, Bernardi R, Scuri R, Brunelli M, Durante M & Traina G | Differentially expressed genes in Hirudo medicinalis ganglia after acetyl-L-carnitine treatment | 2013 | PloS one 8:1 2013 pg e 53605 | Biology |
| Felix R & van de Velde G | Voelt de medicinal bloedzuiger Hirudo medicinalis zich wel zo lekker in Nederland (Hiruinea)? | 2000 | Nederlande Faunistische Medelingen, 2000; 12: 1-10 | Biology |
| Fenollar F, Fournier PE & Legre R | Unusual case of Aeromonas sobria cellulitis associated with the use of leeches | 1999 | European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 1999; 18: 72-73 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Aeromonas |
| Ferris V, Casabar E & Warren D | Ciprofloxacin resistant Aeromonas infection following the use of medicinal leeches | 2008 | American Journal of Infection Control 2008; 36 (5): E193 | Pharmacovigilance, Antibiotics, Resistance, Infection Prevention |
| Fields WS | The history of leeching and hirudin | 1991 | Haemostasis, 1991; 21 (suppl 1): 3-10 | History |
| Figueras MJ | Use of restriction fragment length polymorphism of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene for the identification of Aeromonas spp. | 2000 | Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2000; 38 (5): 2023-2025 | Aeromonas |
| Figueras MJ | Clinical relevance of Aeromonas sM503 | 2005 | Reviews in Medical Microbiology, 2005; 16: 145-153 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Aeromonas |
| Figueras MJ, Aldea MJ, Fernandez N, Aspiroz C, Alperi A & Guarro J | Aeromonas hemolytic uremic syndrome. A case and a review of the literature | 2007 | Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2007; 58: 231-234 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Aeromonas, Anticoagulation |
| Figueras MJ, Alperi A, Guarro J & Martinez-Murcia AJ | Genotyping of isolates included in the description of a novel species should be mandatory | 2006 | International Journal of Systemic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2006; 1183-1184 | Aeromonas |
| Figueras Salvat MJ & Ashbolt N | Aeromonas | 2019 | Rose JB & Jiménez-Cisneros B (eds) Global Water Pathogen Project | Pharmacovigilance, Aeromonas |
| Fillatre A, Floug Q, Assaf A, Sinna R, Hedhi K, Vacher H & Hamdad F | The risk-benefit ratio of leech therapy: A single center retrospective study | 2021 | Research Square, online 21 December 2021 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Review Article |
| Fillatre A, Floug Q, Hedli K, Sinna R, Belhout M, Rousseau F, Lemaitre M & Hamdad F | The benefit-risks balance of leech therapy in one hospital: A retrospective study | 2020 | European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 2020; 27 (Suppl 1): A 187 | Pharmacovigilance, Surgery, Antibiotics Resistance |
| Fink E, Nettelbeck R & Fritz H | Inhibition of of mast cell chymase by eglin c and antileukoprotease (HUSI-I). Indications for potential biological functions of these inhibitors | 1986 | Biological Chemistry Hoppe Seyler. 1986; 367 (7): 567-571 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Fink E, Rehm H, Gippner C et al. | The primary structure of bdellin B-3 from the leech Hirudo medicinalis | 1986 | Biological Chemistry Hoppe Seyler, 1986; 367 (12): 1235-1242 | Saliva, Bdellins |
| Finney S, Seale L, Sawyer RT & Wallis RB | Trigedin, a new peptidic inhibitor of the factor XIII ä, from the blood-sucking Haementeria ghilianii | 1997 | Biochemistry Journal, 1997; 324: 797-805 | Haementeria ghilianii, Saliva, Anticoagulation |
| Flecken P & Koeppen D | Fallbericht: Blutegel-Therapie beim Ohrhämatom | 2011 | Report Naturheilkunde, 2011; 6 (15): 74-75 | Haematoma |
| Flecken P & Michalsen A | Indikationen | 2009 | In: Michalsen A, Roth M: Blutegeltherapie. Stuttgart, Haug; 2009: 50-63 | Review Article, Therapy |
| Flecken P & Michalsen A | Kontraindikationen. | 2009 | In: Michalsen A, Roth M: Blutegeltherapie. Stuttgart, Haug; 2009: 102-104 | Review Article |
| Fleischer N | Leeches as therapeutic chances in birds | 2013 | European Committee of the Association of Avian Veterinarians EAAV Newsletter, 2013; 10: 16 | Veterinary Medicine |
| Flores RG, Hazen A, Galiano RD, Klapper AM & Levine JP | Nonextremity replantation: The management of amputations of the facial parts and testicles | 2007 | Clinics in Plastic Surgery 2007; 34 (2): 197-210 | Surgery, Nose |
| Floug Q, Sinna R, Fillatre A, Plésiat F & Hamdad F | A case of leech-associated infection involving an extended spectrum ß-lactamase producing and extensively drug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila | 2018 | Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2019; 25: 394-395 | Pharmacovigilance, Infection, Antibiotic Resistance |
| Flurry M, Natoli NB, Mesa JM & Moyer KE | Tunneling of a leech into a free flap breast reconstruction | 2011 | Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Aestetic Surgery, 2011; 64: 1687-1688 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance |
| Forgo I, Ehmann G & Burkard G | Lokale Therapie von stumpfen Sportverletzungen | 1989 | Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin, 1989; 40 (2): 45-50 | Orthopaedics, , Sports Medicine, Distorsion, Kontusion, Swelling, Exhirud |
| Fort CW | Leech therapy: Current uses for an old treatment | 2001 | DNA Reporter, 2001 (July): 16-17 | Review Aricle, History, Therapy |
| Foucher G | Un vieux remède dans un pot neuf: la sangsue en microchirurgie | 1980 | Communication à la Seizième Rencontre Internationale de Microchirurgie GAM, Marseille (France), 1980 | Surgery |
| Foucher G & Norris RW | Distal and very distal digital replantations | 1992 | British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 1992 ; 45 : 199-203 | Surgery |
| Foucher G, Henderson HR, Maneau M et al. | Distal digital replantation: one of the best indications for microsurgery. | 1981 | International Journal of Microsurgery, 1981; 3: 263. | Surgery |
| Fox I, Dawson A, Loynds P et al. | Anticoagulant activity of Hirulog, a direct thrombin inhibitor, in humans | 1993 | Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 1993 ; 69 (2) : 157-163 | Saliva, Hirulog, Anticoagulation |
| Fradkov A, Berzhnoy S, Barsova E et al. | Enzyme from the medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) that specifically splits endo-epsilon(-gamma-Glu)-Lys isopeptide bonds: cDNA cloning and protein primary structure | 1996 | FEBS Letter, 1996; 390 (2): 145-148 | Saliva, Destabilase |
| Freytag K | Untersuchungen über den Aufbau der Cuticula von Hirudo medicinalis | 1953 | Zeitschrift für Zellforschung, 1953; 39: 85-93 | Biology, Cell Structure |
| Friedman J, Fabre J, Netscher D & Jaksic T | Treatment of acute neonatal vascular injuries – the utility of multiple interventions | 1999 | Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 1999; 34 (6): 940-945 | Surgery, Paediatrics |
| Friedrich H | Faszination Blutegel | 2006 | COMed, 2006: 42-44 | Therapy, History |
| Friedrich T, Kröger B, Koerwer W | An isopeptide bond splitting enzyme Hirudo medicinalis similar to ?-glutamyl transpeptidase | 1998 | European Journal of Biochemistry, 1998; 256: 297-302 | Saliva, Destabilase |
| Fritz H | Proteinase inhibitors in severe inflammatory processes (septic shock and experimental endotoxaemia): biochemical, pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects | 1980 | Excerpta Medica, Protein Degradation in Health and Disease,1980; CIBA Foundation Symposium 75(1979): 351-379 | Saliva, Eglins, Bdellins, Anti-Inflammation |
| Fritz H & Krejci K | Trypsin-plasmin inhibitors (bdellins) from leeches | 1976 | Methods in Enzymology, 1976; 45: 797-806 | Saliva, Bdellins |
| Fritz H, Gebhardt M, Fink E et al. | Verwendung wasserunlöslicher Enzymharze mit polyanionischer und polyamphoterer Harzmatrix zur Isolierung von Proteaseinhibitoren | 1969 | Hoppe Seyler Z Biol Chem, 1969; 350: 129-133 | Saliva, Protease-Inhibitor |
| Frodel JL, Barth P & Wagner J | Salvage of partial facial soft tissue avulsions with medicinal leeches | 2004 | Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 2004; 131 (6): 934-939 | Surgery |
| Fröhling B | Bis(s) aufs Blut | 2019 | PTA Magazin 2019; 7: 41-42 | Osteoarthritis |
| Frolov AK & Litvinenko RA | Basic morphofunctional features of pharmaceutical leech (Hirudo verbana Carena 1820) tissues in various forms of response after hirudotherapeutic procedures | 2015 | Annals of Parasitology, 2015; 61 (1): 27-35 | Breeding, Biology, Pharmacology |
| Frolov AK & Litvinenko RA | Effect of medicinal leeches` antigens on the proliferative response of human blood mononuclear cells and cytokine production in vitro | 2015 | Annals of Parasitology, 2015; 61 (2): 97-104 | Breeding, Biology, Pharmacology |
| Frost GI, Jiang P & Thompson CB | US Patent Application | 2020 | Halozyme Inc., San Diego 2020 | Cancer, Patent, Halozyme |
| Fuchs J & Cannon CP | Hirulog in the treatment of unstable angina. Results of the Thrombin Inhibition in Myocardial Ischemia (TIMI) | 1995 | Circulation, 1995; 92 (4): 727-733 | Hirulog, Anticoagulation, Leech Ointment, Angina Pectoris |
| Funk GF, Bauman NM, Rinehart RJ & Mankarious LA | Microvascular replantation of a traumatically amputated ear | 1996 | Archives of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery 1996; 122 (2): 184-186 | Surgery |
| Gadve BN & Girhe AD | Role of Jalaukavacharana in management of RAYNAUD`s disease | 2023 | Journal of Ayurveda & Holistic Medicine 2023; 11 (3): 183-187 | Ayurveda, Raynaud`s Disease |
| Galatis HT | Untersuchungen an den Haltungsbedingungen von Blutegeln für medizinische Zwecke | 2017 | Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Thesis | Biology, Breeding |
| Galav A & Sharma R | Jalaukavacharana (Hirudotherapy) - A blessing through Ayurveda | 2019 | World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2019; 8 (8): 203-218 | Review Article, Ayurveda |
| Galmard L, Mari R, Noyelles L, Bettega G, Boucher B, Escudier E & Tolsma V | Replantation of a lip thrown in a bin | 2021 | Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2021; in press | Surgery |
| Ganeshlaiji LS | Role of leech therapy (Jalaukawacharan) in the management of perianal haematoma (Pitta granthi) | 2015 | International Journal of Advanced Research 2015; 3 (10): 788-794 | Haematoma |
| Ganjoo N | A conceptual study on the impact of medicinal leech therapy in acen | 2023 | International Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 2023; 13 (1): 4325-4330 | Dermatology, Acne |
| Gannur PG | Leech therapy - A unique treatment in Ayurveda | 2019 | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2019; 4 (2): 70-74 | Therapy, Review Article, Ayurveda |
| Gaudry Q & Kristan WB | Decision points: The factors influencing the decision to feed in the medicinal leech | 2012 | Frontiers in Neuroscience 2012; 6 (101): 1-10 | Biology |
| Gauri PP, Giri SR & Jagnnath KS | A case study of deep vein thrombosis; An Ayurvedic perspective | 2018 | World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018; 7 (8): 877-882 | Deep Vein Thrombosis, Ayurveda |
| Geishauser M, Schmiedl S, Knobloch K, Vogt PM & Gohritz A | Teach the leech to bite: another technical tip to tame Hirudo medicinalis | 2009 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2009; 124 (2): 671 | Surgery |
| Germann P | Blutegeltherapie | 2004 | Naturheilpraxis, 2004: 786-789 | Therapy, History |
| Gerry SP & Ellerby DJ | Serotonin modulates muscle function in the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana | 2011 | The Royal Society, Biology Letters, 2011 | Biology |
| Ghawi AM | Treating a melanoma with a whole, leech saliva extract | 2016 | US Patent 9265803B2 | Cancer, Patent, Biopep Solutions |
| Ghawi AM | Treating colorectal cancer with a whole, leech saliva extract | 2016 | US Patent 9265802B2 | Cancer, Patent, Biopep Solutions |
| Ghawi AM, Abdualkader AM, Merzouk A & Alaama M | Free radical scavenging activity of the medicinal Malaysian leech saliva extract, Hirudo manillensis | 2012 | Bioequivalence & Bioavailability, 2012; 14: 1-4 | Saliva |
| Ghawi AM, Abdualkader AM, Merzouk A & Alaama M | Season variation and starvation period on the antithrombotic activity of leech saliva extract from the medicinal Malaysian leech, Hirudinaria Manillensis | 2012 | Bioequivalence & Bioavailability, 2012; S14: 1-5 | Breeding, Saliva, Anti-Thrombosis, Biology |
| Ghawi AM, Merzouk A, Abdualkader AM & Alaama M | Treating bacterial skin infection with a whole leech saliva extract | 2017 | US Patent 20.170.239.301.2017 | Skin Infection, Saliva, Patent |
| Ghiyami H & Sadeghi A | Effect of glutamine supplementation and leech therapy on blood lactate level and pain index in a single bout exhaustive exercise in young athletes | 2019 | Hormozgan Medical Journal 2019; 23 (2): 293806 | Glutamine, Sports, Regeneration |
| Ghiyami SH, Afroundeh R, Bahram ME, Pourvaghar MJ, Sadeghi A & Hemmati-Afif A | Comparison of the effectiveness of Yoga and leech therapy interventions in medical management of women with migraine | 2021 | Journal of Sport Bioscience =CT 2021; publ online | Migraine |
| Ghods R, Abdi M, Pourrahami M & Dabaghian FH | Leech therapy indications: A scoping review | 2019 | Traditional Medicine Research 2019; 4 (3): 118-130 | Review, Therapy |
| Ghosh S | Relevance of leech therapy in contemporary medicine: A mini-review | 2019 | Quest International Journal of Medical and Health Services 2019; 2 (1): 8-12 | Review |
| Giacometti L | Leeching in the twentieth century | 1987 | American Journal of Cardiology, 1987; 60: 1128-1131 | Therapy, Cardiology |
| Gideroglu K, Yildirim S, Akan M & Akoz T | Immediate use of medicinal leeches to salvage venous congested reverse pedicled neurocutaneous flaps | 2003 | Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2003; 37 (5): 277-282 | Surgery |
| Gideroglu K, Yildirim S, Akan M et al. | Successful results with the use of a new reconstruction material for soft tissue defects of the lower extremity: neurocutaneous flaps | 2004 | Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery, 2004; 10 (3): 196-204 | Surgery |
| Gileva OS & Mumcuoglu KY | Hirudotherapy | 2013 | In: Grassberger M, Sherman RA, Gileva OS, Kim CMH & Mumcuoglu KY. Biotherapy – History, Principles and Practice. Sptinger 2013: 31-76 | Review Article, History |
| Gilkes M | Case notes. Leech-bite of the cornea | 1957 | British Journal of Ophthalmology, 1957; 41: 124-125 | Hirudiniasis |
| Giltner CL, Bobenchik AM, Uslan DZ, Deville JG & Humphries RM | Ciprofloxacin-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila cellulitis following leech therapy | 2013 | Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2013; 51: 1324-1326 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Aeromonas hydrophila, Antibiotics Resistance |
| Gilyova OS | Hirudotherapy and the skin | 2007 | International Biotherapy Society, Jerusalem 2007 | Dermatology, Leg Ulcer, Wound Healing |
| Gilyova OS, Korobeinikova GA & Gibidullina NB | Experimental studies on the healing and anti-inflammatory effects of leeching | 2007 | International Biotherapy Society, Jerusalem 2007 | Anti-Inflammation, Wound Healing |
| Ginsberg JS, Nurmohamed MT, Gent M et al. | Use of hirulog in the prevention of venous thrombosis after hip or knee surgery | 1994 | Circulation, 1994; 90: 2385-2389 | Hirulog, Anticoagulation, Thrombosis, Surgery, Orthopaedics, Leech Ointment |
| Giri RV | Role of Ayurvedic treatments -Ksharakarma (Caustic Cautery) and Jalaukavacharana (Hirudotherapy) in the management of necrotising fascitis - A case study | 2016 | Journal of Research in Traditional Medicine 2016; 2 (1): 19-23 | Ayurveda, fascitis |
| Glade M | Medicinal leeches to relieve severe venous congestion following tissue replantation or free-flap tissue grafting | 2004 | FDA File | Surgery |
| Glaeser SP, Galatis H, Martin K & Kämpfer P | Flavobacterium cutihirudinis sp. nov., isolated from Hirudo verbana | 2013 | International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2013; Jan 11 pg | Biology, Pharmacology, Flavobacteria |
| Gödemerdan A, Arusan S, Bayar B & Saglam N | Medicinal leeches and hirudotherapy | 2011 | Türkiye Parazitol Derg, 2011; 35: 234-239 | Review Article |
| Godfrey K | Use of leeches and leech saliva in clinical practice | 1997 | Nursing Time, 1997; 93: 62-63 | Review Article, Therapy |
| Goessl C, Steffen-Wilcke K & Miller K | Leech therapy for massive scrotal haematoma following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty | 1997 | The Journal of Urology, 1997; 158 (2): 545 | Surgery, Urology, Haematoma |
| Gökcenur F, Sencan ÖI, Ozkara A, Erav AY, Engin E & Öztürk R | Knowledge and experience of complementary and alternative medical practices among patients presenting to an orthopedic clinic: A cross-sectional study | 2022 | European Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022; 13 MAR 2022, in press | Alternative Medicine |
| Golden MA, Quinn JJ & Partington MT | Leech therapy in digital replantation | 1995 | AORN Journal, 1995; 62 (3): 364-366 | Surgery |
| Gond P, Rani R & Shringi MK | A clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of leech therapy and panchatikta ghrita in the management of psoriasis | 2012 | Ancient Science of Life, 2012; 32 (Suppl. 1): 40 | Dermatology, Psoriasis |
| Gönen I, Özsahin M, Turan H, Uslu M, Celbek G, Yildirim M & Ataoglu S | Acinetobacter infection developed after leech therapy in a patient with gonarthrosis: A case report | 2013 | Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 2013; 16 (2): 237-240 | Pharmacology, Infections, Acinetobacter |
| Gosselin B | Salvage of near-total tongue amputation with hirudotherapy | 2010 | Otolaryngology 2010; 143 (2): suppl P 153 | Surgery |
| Graeve T | Isolierung und Kultivierung von Speicheldrüsenzellen des Hirudo medicinalis zur Hirudingewinnung unter in vitro-Bedingungen. | 1988 | Dissertation Universität Hohenheim; 1988. | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Graf J | Diverse restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns oft he PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes in Aeromonas veronii strains and possible misidentification of Aeromas species | 1999 | Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1999; 37 (10): 3194-3197 | Aeromonas |
| Graf J | Symbiosis of Aeromonas and Hirudo medicinalis the medicinal leech | 2000 | ASM News, 2000; 66: 147-153 | Pharmacovigilance, Aeromonas hydrophila, Infections |
| Graf J | The effect of symbionts on the physiology of Hirudo medicinalis, the medicinal leech | 2002 | Intervertebrate Reproduction and Development, 2002; 41: 1-3 und 269-275 | Hirudo medicinalis, Aeromonas, Infections |
| Graf J | Die Bakterienflora des medizinischen Blutegels Hirudo medicinalis | 2009 | In: Michalsen A, Roth M: Blutegeltherapie. Stuttgart: Haug; 2009: 111-118. | Infections |
| Graf J | Der medizinische Blutegel in der Pferdephysiotherapie | 2017 | Reutlingen 2017 | Veterinary Medicine, Horses |
| Graf J, Kikuchi Y & Rio RVM | Leeches and their microbiota: naturally simple symbiosis models | 2006 | Trends in Microbiology, 2006; 14: 365-371 | Pharmacovigilance, Aeromonas |
| Grafskaia EN, Nadezhdin KD, Talyzina IA, Polina N, OV Podgorny, ER Pavlova, PV Bashkirov, DD Kharlampieva, PA Bobrovsky, IA Latsis, VA Manuvera, VV Babenko, VM Trukhan, AS Arseniev, DV Klinov & VN Lazarev | Medicinal leech antimicrobial peptides lacking toxicity represent a promising alternative strategy to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens | 2019 | European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2019; 180: 143-153 | Antibiotics, Genome |
| Graham CE | Thumb paronychia treated with leeches | 1992 | Medical Journal of Australia, 1992; 156 (7): 512 | Anti-Inflammation, Paronychia |
| Graham CE | Leeches | 1995 | British Medical Journal, 1995; 310 (6979): 603 | Therapy |
| Granzow JW, Armstrong MB & Panthaki ZJ | A simple method for the control of medicinal leeches | 2004 | Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, 2004; 20 (6): 461-462 | Surgery, Methodology |
| Grau D, Masson R, Villiet M & Lamy B | Leech management before application on patient: a nationwide survey of practices in French university hospitals | 2018 | Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control 2018; 7: 19 | Pharmacovigilance, Procedure, Infections, Surgery |
| Grebe W | Die lokale Anwendung von Blutegelwirkstoffen bei Sportverletzungen | 1987 | Der Kassenarzt, 1987; 25: 33-35 | Sports Medicine, Contusion, Distorsion, Haematoma |
| Green C & Gilby JA | The medicinal leech | 1983 | The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 1983; 103: 42-44 | Review Article, Pharmacovigilance, Therapy |
| Green IE | The use and husbandry of leeches in plastic surgery units – A survey | 1988 | British Association of Leech Scientists. Leech Newsletter 3, 1988. | Review Article, Surgery |
| Green PA & Shafritz A | Medicinal leech use in microsurgery | 2010 | Journal of Hand Surgery (American Volume) 2010; 35 (6): 1019-1021 | Review Article, Surgery |
| Grigorieva DV, Gorudko IV, Grafskaia EN, Latsis IA, Sokolov AV, Panasenko OM & Lazarev VN | Influence of new antimicrobial peptides of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis on the functional activity of neutrophil granule proteins | 2021 | Medical Academic Journal 31 AUG 2021; in press | Antibiotic Resistance, Saliva |
| Grimaldi A | Origin and fate of hematopoetic stem precursor cells in the leech Hirudo medicinalis | 2016 | Information Systems Journal 2016 (13): 257-268 | Biology, Haematopoesis |
| Grimaldi A, Banfi S, Bianchi C et al. | The leech: a novel invertebrate model for studying muscle regeneration and diseases | 2009 | Current Pharmaceutical Design 2010; 16: 968-977 | Hirudo medicinalis, Biology, Pharmacology |
| Grimaldi A, Tettamani G, Perletti G, Valvassori R & Eguileor M | Hematopoetic cell formation in leech wound healing | 2006 | Current Pharmaceutical Design 2006; 12 (24): 3033-3041 | Biology, Hematopoesis |
| Gröbe A, Michalsen A, Hanken H, Schmelzle R, Heiland M & Blessmann M | Leech Therapy in Reconstructive Maxillofacial Surgery | 2012 | Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery, 2012; 70 (1): 221-227 | Surgery |
| Gronwald W, Bomke J, Maurer T et al. | Structure of the leech protein saratin and characterization of its binding to collagen | 2008 | Journal of Molecular Biology, 2008; 381 (4): 913-927 | Saliva, Calin, Saratin |
| Gross E & Wolf Y | A multifaceted approach for traumatic auricular avulsion with venous congestion | 2020 | Harefuah 2020; 159 (8): 560-564 | Surgery |
| Gross MP & Apesos J | The use of leeches for treatment of venous congestion of the nipple following breast surgery | 1992 | Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 1992; 16 (4): 343-348 | Surgery |
| Groß U | Der medizinische Blutegel, Hirudo medicinalis, gestern und heute | 1991 | Homöopathie-aktuell, 1991; 3: 9 | Saliva, Hirudin, Hyaluronidasis, Apyrasis, Kollagenasis |
| Groß U & Roth M | Zur Biochemie der Blutegelsekrete | 2009 | In: Michalsen A, Roth M : Blutegeltherapie. Stuttgart: Haug; 2009; 93-101. | Saliva |
| Grossman MD & Karlovitz A | Lingual trauma: The use of medicinal leeches in the treatment of massive lingual hematoma | 1998 | The Journal of Trauma, Injury Infection & Critical Care 1998; 44 (6): 1083-1085 | Haematoma, Dentistry, Implant |
| Grumbine NA & Nicholas A | Feature: Reviving an ancient therapy to manage | 2003 | Paediatry Today, 2003; 16: 46-53 | Review Article, History |
| Grunwald S & Koeppen D | Medizinische Blutegel, Physiotherapie und gruppenspezifische Bewegungsprogramme | 2013 | CoMed, 2013; 19: 9-14 | Osteoarthritis |
| Gujjanwar S, Asutkar SG & Dwiwedi SK | The efficacy of Jallaukavacharan (leech therapy) in Mukhdushika (Acne) | 2015 | Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 2015; 3 (6): 213-218 | Acne |
| Gülyesil FF, Sabaner MC, Duman R, Cetinkaya E & Duman R | Periorbital cellulitis that developed after alternative medication of Hirudo medicinalis application | 2017 | Journal of Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 2017; 8 (2): 643 | Pharmacovigilance, Periorbital Cellulitis |
| Gümüsdag H, Vahpoglu B & Cetiner Ö | Use of complementary and alternative treatment methods in national wrestlers: A phenomenological analysis | 2020 | The Journal of International Anatolia Sport Science 2020; 5 (3): 21-28 | Sports Medicine, |
| Gunarathna K & Singh OP | Pain relief of Jalaukavacharana (leech therapy) in ulcerative squamous cell carcinoma - A case study | 2019 | International Journal of AYUSH 2019; 3 (3): 218-223 | Oncology, Cancer Pain |
| Gunawan F, Wibowo YR, Bunawan NC & Turner JH | Controversy: Hirudotherapy (leech therapy) as an alternative treatment for osteoarthritis | 2015 | Acta Medica Indonesiana, 2015; 47 (2): 176-180 | Osteoarthritis |
| Gunay D & Keskinler MV | Churg Strauss syndrome after leech therapy: A case report | 2022 | Medical Records 2022; 4 (3):511-513 | Pharmacovigilance, Churg Strauss syndrome |
| Güneren E, Erolu I, Akba H, Uysal OA, Hokelek M & Erolu C | The use of Hirudo medicinalis in nipple-areolar congestion | 2000 | Annals of Plastic Surgery, 2000; 45 (6): 679-681 | Surgery |
| Gupta A, Sharma R & Gupta S. | A review on Raktamokhshan and its mode of action as per modern science | 2021 | Himalayan Journal of Health Sciences 2021; 6 (4): 12-15 | Ayurveda |
| Gupta AK, Parida A, Singh AK & Panda RK | A clinical study of Virechana karma and Jaloukavacharana (leech therapy) in Ekakushta w.s.r to psoriasis | 2015 | Journal of Drug Discovery and Therapeutics, 2015; 3 (25): 1-8 | Dermatology, Psoriasis |
| Gupta K, Chaudhary S & Singh OP | Potent effect of leech therapy and aswagandha ghrita on oxidative stress and IL-1 level in the patient of osteoarthritis (sandhigata vata) | 2017 | International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 2017; 5 (1): 21-26 | Oxidative Stress, Osteoarthritis |
| Gupta S, Patil S, Patil V & Singh S | Literary and scientific review of leech therapy in Ayurveda and modern science | 2017 | International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research 2017; 5 (7): 37-43 | Review, Ayurveda |
| Gustafsson J, Liden M & Thorarinsson A | Microsurgically aided upper lip replantation - case report and literature review | 2016 | Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery 2016; 3 (1): 66-69 | Surgery, Lip Replantation |
| Guven H & Akbas H | The use of leeches in the management of a ring avulsion injury | 2002 | European Journal of Plastic Surgery 2002; 25: 162-164 | Surgery, Finger Replantation |
| Güven R | Treatment of a patient in hemorrhagic shock due to leech bite with tranexamic acid | 2016 | The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016; 34: 2253.e3-2253.e4 | Pharmacovigilance, Bleeding |
| Haberhauser N | Lieber Blutegel oder Katharidenpflaster als eine Operation | 2003 | Naturarzt, 2003: 8-10 | Therapy |
| Habrmanova M, Slezak V, Galatova H & Takac P | Hirudotherapy in treatment of different chronic venous diseases | 2014 | Acupuncture and Natural Medicine, 2014;3: 28-38 | Dermatology, Venous Congestion |
| Hach W & Hach-Wunderle V | Medizinhistorische Betrachtungen über die Erforschung der Venenthrombose bis zum Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts | 1999 | Phlebologie, Stuttgart 1999 | History, Thrombosis |
| Hach W, Scholz S & Hach-Wunderle V | Die Therapie mit Blutegeln in der Medizin und Gefäßmedizin | 2005 | Geschichte der Gefäßchirurgie, Springer 2005 | History, Biology, Vascular Medicine |
| Hach-Wunderle V | Hirudin in der Gefäßchirurgie | 1997 | Gefäßchirurgie, 1997; 2: 218-221 | Hirudin, Surgery |
| Hackenberger PN & Janis JE | A comprehensive review of medicinal leeches in plastic and reconstructive surgery | 2019 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open 2019; 7: 1-6 | Surgery, Review, Procedure |
| Hahn L | Über die Spaltung der Hyaluronsäure durch Mucopolysaccharasen aus Blutegel und Cl. perfringens. | 1945 | Archiv Kem. Min Geol, 1945; 19a (33): 1-10 | Saliva, Hyaluronidasis |
| Hajtalebi H, Iurigh HK & Hajtalebi HR | Treatment of diabetic foot ulcer in a 58-year old Turkman patient | 2016 | Traditional & Integrative Medicine 2016; 1 (4): 151-159 | Dermatology, Diabetic Foot, Ulcer, Wound Healing |
| Hajtalebi H, Iurigh HK & Hajtalebi HR | Investigating the treatment status of 10 patients with second and third degree diabetic foot ulcers based on the therapeutic protocols of Iranian traditional medicine in Bojnurd from 2015-2016 | 2017 | Asian Journal of Clinical Case Reports of Traditional and Alternative Medicine 2017; 8 (2-3): 55-64 | Diabetic Foot, Wound Healing |
| Hajtalebi H, Iurigh HK & Hajtalebi HR | Treatment of diabetic foot ulcer in a 74-year-old female patient based on Iranian traditional medicine in Bojnurd | 2017 | Asian Journal of Clinical Case Reports for Traditional and Alternative Medicine 2017; 1 (1): 1-10 | Dermatology, Diabetic Foot, Ulcer, Wound Healing |
| Hajtalebi H, Iurigh HK & Hajtalebi HR | Treatment of leg venous congestion using Iranian leech therapy after orthopedic surgery in a 12-year adolescent with double and open fracture of distal of right leg and ankle dislocation | 2017 | Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2017; 2 (2): 83-89 | Surgery, Haematoma |
| Hajtalebi H, Iurigh HK & Hajtalebi HR | Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus in a 44-year-old female patient according to Iranian traditional medicine in Bojnurd | 2017 | Asian Journal of Clinical Case Reports of Traditional and Alternative Medicine 2017; 2 (1)): 11-20 | Lupus erythematodus |
| Hajtalebi H, Iurigh HK & Hajtalebi HR | Treatment of acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction in a 27-year-old male patient based on Iranian traditional medicine in Bojnurd | 2018 | Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2018; 3 (1): 23-29 | Nasolacrimal duct obstruction |
| Hakim J, Smith PA, Cao D, Rosales A, Naguib N, Nguyen A, Modder A, Ehrhardt D, Rivas-Bustamente M, Hunt R & Dietrich JF | Reinventing old medicine with new methodology: A mechanical leech | 2016 | Journal od Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecolopgy 2016; 29 (2): 200 | Mechanical Leech |
| Hamidizadeh N, Azizi A, Zarshenas MM & Ranjbar S | Leech therapy in treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: A case report | 2017 | Journal of Integrative Medicine 2017; 15 (5): 407-410 | Dermatology, Wound Healing, Leishmaniasis |
| Hammersen F | Das Muskelgefüge in der Pharynxwand von Hirudo medicinalis und Haemopis sanguisuga | 1963 | Zeitschrift für Zellforschung, 1963; 60: 797-814 | Biology, Muscles |
| Hammersen F & Pokahe A | Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zur Epithelstruktur im Magen-Darmkanal von Hirudo medicinalis | 1972 | Zeitschrift für Zellforschung, 1972; 125: 378-403 | Biology, Digestion |
| Hanif H, Nouri M & Amarjamshidi A | Medicinal leech therapy in neurosurgical practice | 2012 | Journal of Injury and Violence Research, 4 (Suppl. 1): #72 | Ischialgia, Thrombosis |
| Hanner S, Stroh H, Enk A & Hoffmann J | Kutane Pseudolymphome nach Hirudotherapie | 2021 | Der Hautarzt 2021; online 21 APR | Pharmacovigilance, Pseudolymphoma |
| Hansen J | Leeches, lancets and fleams. Will bloodletting rejoin the medical mainstream? | 1982 | Science, 1982; 81: 74-77 | Therapy, Venesection |
| Haq AU, Malik HU, Nabi SU, Yatoo MI, Farooq S & Farooq J | Effect of environmental and physiological variables on saliva production in Hirudinaria granulosa (Indian cattle leech) | 2021 | The Pharma Innovation Journal 2021; 10 (2): 160-163 | Leech Breeding, Saliva |
| Haq AU, Malik HU, Randhawa S & Sudhan NA | Hirudotherapy in veterinary practice: A modern twist to ancient science | 2021 | The Science World 2021; 2 (4): 32-38 | Veterinary Mecicine |
| Hardia A, Pol H & Pol S | A study to evaluate the efficacy of Jalaukavacharan in Vyanga vis-a-vis melasma | 2017 | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2017; 2 (2): 37-40 | Dermatology, Hyperpigmentation |
| Haritha AH | Efficacy of Jalaukavacharana and Shamana Oushadhas in the management of Acne vulgaris - A case report | 2022 | World Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research 2022 1 (1): 64-68 | Dermatology, Acne |
| Harmeet K | Role of Jalaukavacharana in Mukhadushika (Acne vulgaris) | 2020 | International Journal of Applied Ayurved Research 2018; 3 (6): 1045-1052 | Dermatology, Acne |
| Harsfalvi J, Stassen JM, Hoylaerts MF et al. | Calin from Hirudo medicinalis, an inhibitor of von Willebrand factor binding to collagen under static and flow conditions | 1995 | Blood, 1995; 85 (3): 705-711 | Saliva, Calin |
| Hartig GK, Connor NP, Heisey DM & Conforti ML | Comparing a mechanical device with medicinal leeches for treating venous congestion | 2003 | Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 2003; 129: 556-564 | Surgery, Pharmacology, Mechanical Leech |
| Hartig GK, Connor NP, Warner TF, Heisey DM, Sarmadi M & Conforti ML | Testing a device to replace the leech for treating venous congestion | 2003 | Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery 2003; 5 (1): 70-77 | Pharmacology, Surgery, Mechanical Leech |
| Hartnett JC | The care and use of medicinal leeches in 19th century pharmacy and therapeutics | 1972 | Pharmaceutical History, 1972; 14: 127-138 | History |
| Hartrampf CR, Drazan L & Noel RT | A mechanical leech for transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps | 1993 | Annals of Plastic Surgery, 1993; 31: 103-105 | Surgery, Mechanical Leech |
| Harun A, Kruer RM, Lee A, Boahene K, Byrne PJ & Richmon JD | Experience with bivalirudin for adjunct treatment of venous congestion of head and neck reconstructive flaps | 2018 | Microsurgery 2018; 00:1-8 | Surgery, Venous Congestion, Hirudin |
| Harun A, Kruer RM, Lee A, Boahene K, Byrne PJ & Richmon JD | Experience with pharmacologic leeching with Bivalirudin for adjunct treatment of venous congestion of head and neck reconstructive flaps | 2018 | Microsurgery 2018; 38 (6): 643-650 | Surgery, Bivalirudin |
| Harvey RP, Degryse E, Stefan I et al. | Cloning and expression of cDNA coding for the anticoagulant Hirudin from the blood sucking leech, Hirudo medicinalis | 1986 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1986; 83: 1084-1088 | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Hathorn T, Nickel C, Sharma A, Shabani S, Padhya T & Mifsud M | How do I salvage that flap? An evidence-based primer on salvage techniques for head & neck microvascular free flaps | 2023 | Oral Oncology 2023; 136: 106246 | Surgery |
| Haupt J | Function and ultrastructure of the nephridium of Hirudo medicinalis | 1974 | Cell and Tissue Research, 1974; 152: 385-401 | Biology |
| Hauptmann J & Kaiser B | Anticoagulant and antithrombotic action of the factor Xa inhibitor antistasin (ATS) | 1993 | Thrombosis Research, 1993; 71: 169-174 | Saliva, Faktor Xa-Inhibitor |
| Hauptstein P | Die Blutegelbehandlung der Thrombophlebitis nach Operation und im Wochenbett | 1934 | Die Medizinische Welt, 1934; 8: 1723-1725 | Thrombophlebitis |
| Hauswirth S | Hirudopunktur – Akupunktur mit Blutegeln | 2014 | Zeitschrift für Ganzheitliche Tiermedizin 2014; 28: 121-126 | Veterinary Medicine, Acupuncture |
| Haycox CL, Odland PB, Coltrera MD & Raugi GJ | Indications and complications of medicinal leech therapy | 1995 | Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology,1995; 33 (6): 1053-1055 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Haycraft JB | On the action of a secretion obtained from the medicinal leech on the coagulation of blood | 1884 | Proceedings Royal Society London, 1884; 36: 478-487 | Hirudin |
| Hayden RE, Phillips JG & McLear PW | Leeches. Objective monitoring of altered perfusion in congested flaps | 1988 | Archives of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 1988; 114 (12): 1395-1399 | Surgery, Blood Flow Measurement |
| Heckmann JG, Dütsch M & Neundörfer B | Author`s reply | 2006 | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 2006; 77: 799 | Neurology, Haematoma |
| Heckmann JG, Dütsch M, Neundörfer B, Dütsch F & Hartung U | Leech therapy in the treatment of median nerve compression due to forearm haematoma | 2005 | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 2005; 76 (10): 1465 | Neurology, Haematoma |
| Heinz P, Tvrdy P, Pink R, Dvorak Z & Michl P | Hirudotherapy in reconstructive surgery: Case reports and review | 2020 | Acta Chirurgiae Plasticae, 2020; 62 (3-4): 95-102 | Review Article, Surgery |
| Heisler A | Aus meinen Krankenblättern | 1936 | Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1936; 83 (4): 130-131 | Therapy |
| Heldt TJ | Allergy to leeches | 1961 | Henry Ford Hospital Medical Bulletin, 1961; 9 (4): 498-519 | Pharmacovigilance, Dermatology, Allergy, History |
| Henderson HP, Matti B, Laing AG et al. | Avulsion of the scalp treated by microvascular repair: the use of leeches for postoperative decongestion | 1983 | British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 1983; 36(2): 235-239 | Surgery |
| Henderson LP, Kuffler DP, Nicholls J & Zhang R | Structural and functional analysis of synaptic transmission between identified leech neurons in culture | 1983 | Journal of Physiology, 1983; 340: 347-358 | Biology |
| Hendrick RG & Tiwari P | Successful replantation of upper lip avulsion injury using an arterialized venous anastomosis | 2012 | Plastic & Reconstructive, 2012; 130 (4): 628-630 | Surgery |
| Henne A | Blutegeltherapie bei Tieren | 2010 | Unimedica, Narayana Verlag, Kandern 2010 | Veterinary Medicine |
| Henriot JM, Chaillot B, Rochette L & Labrude P | La sangsue Hirudo medicinalis: utilisations cliniques de l‘animal et perspectives thérapeutiques de l‘hirudine | 1990 | Journal de Pharmacie de Belgique, 1990; 45 (3): 207-218 | Review Article, Therapy |
| Herlin C, Bertheuil N, Bekara F, Bossiere F, Sinna R & Chaput B | Leech therapy in flap salvage: Systematic review and practical recommendations | 2017 | Annales de Chirurgie plastique et esthétique, 2017; 2 (2): 1-13 | Surgery, Procedure Review Article |
| Hermansdorfer J, Lineaweaver W, Follansbee S, Valauri FA & Buncke HJ | Antibiotic sensitivities of Aeromonas hydrophila cultured from medical leeches | 1988 | British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 1988 ; 41 (6) : 649-651 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Aeromonas, Surgery |
| Herter K | Temperaturversuche mit Egeln | 1929 | Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie, 1929 ; 10 (2) : 248-271 | Biology, Hirudo medicinalis |
| Herter K | Der medizinische Blutegel und seine Verwandten | 1968 | Ziemsen,Wittenberg 1968 | Biology, Handbook |
| Herter K | Fang, Pflege und Zucht der deutschen Süßwasseregel | 1992 | Handbuch biologischer Arbeitsmethoden 1992: 1577-1618 | Biology |
| Heüveldop S | Blutegeltherapie beim Pferd | 2005 | Pferdeforum, 2005: 40-42 | Veterinary Medicine |
| Hilal R & Ali T | Leech therapy in the osteoarthritis of knee joint | 2016 | Global Journal for Research Analysis 2016; 5 (6): 312-316 | Osteoarthritis |
| Hilbring A | Der medizinische Blutegel Hirudo sp. | 2005 | COMed, 2005; 60-62 | Hirudo medicinalis, Biology |
| Hildebrandt JP & Lemke S | Small bite, large impact-saliva and salivary molecules in the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis | 2011 | Naturwissenschaften, 2011; 98: 995-1008 | Saliva, Review Article |
| Hilscher JJ | Potential utilization of blood leeches in modern veterinary medicine, a critical review | 2018 | Hungarian Veterinary Archive 2018, Thesis | Review, Veterinary Medicine |
| Hirst GK | Effect of polysaccharide-splitting enzyme on streptococcal infection | 1941 | Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1941; 73: 493-505 | Saliva, Antibiosis |
| Ho PH, Khan MAA & Hogg F | A simple approach to confine leeches to a digital flap | 2017 | Journal of Surgical Reconstruction 2017; 15: 1-3 | Procedure |
| Hochberg MC | Multidisciplinary integrative approach to treating knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis | 2003 | Annals of Internal Medicine, 2003; 139 (9): 781-783 | Osteoarthritis |
| Hohmann CD, Stange R, Steckhan N, Robens S, Ostermann T, Paelow A & Michalsen A | Wirksamkeit der Blutegeltherapie bei chronischen unteren Rückenschmerzen | 2018 | Deutsches Ärzteblatt 2018; 115 (47): 785-792 | Back Pain, Lumbar Spine Syndrome |
| Hokelek M, Güneren E & Eroglu C | An experimental study to sterilize medicinal leeches | 2002 | European Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2002; 25: 81-85 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Decontamination |
| Hong SJ, Sawyer R & Kang KW: | Prolonged bleeding from the bite of the asian medicinal leech hirudo nipponica | 1999 | Comparative Clinical Pathology, 1999; 9 (3): 125-131 | Pharmacovigilance |
| Horowitz S | Medicinal leeches in modern medicine | 2005 | Alternative & Complementary Therapies, 2005; 11 (1):12-16 | Review Article, Therapy |
| Hosnuter M, Demircan N, Uenalacak M et al. | An alternative treatment method rediscovered by modern medicine: Hirudotherapy | 2003 | Türk Aile Hek Derg, 2003; 7 (4): 177-179 | History |
| Houschyar KS, Momeni A, Maon ZN, Pyles MN, Jew OS, Strathe M & Michalsen A | Medical leech therapy in plastic reconstructive surgery | 2015 | Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 2015; 165 (19-20): 419-425 | Review Article, Surgery |
| Hovingh P & Linker A | Hyaluronidase activity in leeches (Hirudinea) | 1999 | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 1999; 124: 319-326 | Saliva, Hyaluronidasis |
| Huang H, Ruxue L, Yuanyuan L, Huang Q & Gao N | Hirudo (leech) for proliferative vitreous retinopathy, a protocol for systemic review and meta analysis | 2021 | Medicine 2021; 100: 3 (e24412) | Retinopathy |
| Huang Q, Gao Q, Chai X, Ren W, Zhang G, Kong Y, Zhang Y, Gao J, Lei X & Ma L | A novel thrombin inhibitor peptide discovered from leech using affinity chromatography combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectroscopy | 2020 | Journal of Chromatography 2020; in press | Saliva, Thrombin Inhibitor |
| Hübner J, Micke O & Büntzel J | Letter to the editor (Comment on "The effectiveness of leech therapy in chronic low back pain; Hohmann et al. 2018) | 2019 | Deutsches Ärzteblatt 2019; 116 (15): 268 | Low Back Pain |
| Hufeland CW | Blutentziehunegn (Aderlass und Blutegel) | 1993 | Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Heilkunde 1993 | Venesection |
| Hullett JS, Spinnato GG & Ziccardi V | Treatment of an ear laceration with adjunctive leech therapy: a case report | 2007 | Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2007; 65 (10): 2112-2114 | Surgery, Ear Replantation |
| Hussey AJ & Kelly JL | Microsurgical replantation of an ear with no venous repair | 2010 | Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery 2010; 44 (1): 64-65 | Surgery, Ear Replantation |
| Hwang K, Kim HM & Kim YS | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus following leech application at a congested flap after a mastectomy | 2017 | Archives Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 2017; 23 (3): 143-145 | Pharmacovigilance, Resistant Infection |
| Hwang SI, Yoon YJ, Sung SH, Ha KT & Park JK | Toxic animal-based medicinal materials can be effective in treating endometriosis: A scoping review | 2021 | Toxins 2021; 13 (145): 1-21 | Hirudo, Shuizhi, Chinese Medicine, Endometriosis |
| Hyson JM | Leech therapy: A history | 2005 | Journal of the History of Dentistry, 2005; 53 (1): 25-27 | History |
| Iafolla AK | Medicinal leeches in the postoperative care of bladder exstrophy | 1995 | Journal of Perinatology, 1995; 15 (2): 135-138 | Surgery, Urology, Paediatrics |
| Icke, C | Pharmakologische Untersuchungen von Fusionsproteinen mit gerinnungshemmenden und profibrinolytischen Eigenschaften | 2002 | Dissertation Jena 2002 | Pharmacology, Anticoagulation, Fibrinolysis |
| Iftikhar Y, Yousuf M, Iqbal M & Ara I | Prophylactic and curative treatment of Zarabat-al-Salaj (Frostbite) by regimental therapies (Taleeq-wa-Takmeed) | 2005 | Hippocratic Journal of Unani Medicine 2005; 1 (1): 21-25 | Frostbite |
| Ikiczeli I, Aysarogullari L, Sözüer E, Yurumez Y & Akdur O | Bleeding due to a medicinal leech bite | 2005 | Emerg Med J, 2005; 22 (6): 458-460 | Pharmacovigilance, Bleeding |
| Ilyas S, Zoheb HA & Khan A | Management of Tasallube Sharain (Peripheral Artery Disease) by hirudotherapy: A case report | 2020 | Journal of Integrative Medicine 2020; 7 (2): 96-100 | Peripheral Artery Disease |
| Indergand S & Graf J | Ingested blood contributes to the specifity of the symbiosis of Aeromonas Veronii Biovar Sobria and Hirudo medicinalis | 2000 | Microbiology, 2000; 4735-4741 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Aeromonas |
| Ingole AR, Dhabarde DM, Kamble MA & Potnis W | Modern touch to traditional leech therapy: A review | 2013 | Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2013; 4 (3): 557-563 | Pharmacology, Mechanical Leech |
| Iqbal A, Haider H, Shah A, Ahmad Z & Islam N | Management of keloid by hirudotherapy | 2016 | Journal of the Turkish Academy of Dermatology 2016: 10 (1): 1-3 | Dermatology, Keloid |
| Iqbal A, Jan A, Quraishi AH, Islam N, Raheem A & Rashid A | Efficacy of leeching in frostbite | 2019 | Clinical Dermatology Open Access Journal 2019; 4 (5): 000190 | Frostbite |
| Iqbal A, Jan A, Huma, Sha A, Ahmad Z, Islam N, Naine M, Wajdil MA, Tariq S & Salroo IN | Management of keloid by hirudotherapy: A latest non surgical approach | 2015 | International Journal of Biological Sciences and Application, 2015; 2 (4): 37-41 | Dermatology, Keloid |
| Iqbal A, Jan A, Quaraishi A, Sheeraz MD, Huma N, Sha A, Rather AS & Raheen A | Leech therapy in medical science - A review | 2018 | Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine 2018; 7 (6): 75-85 | Review |
| Iqbal A, Jan A, Rashid A & Anayat S | Leech therapy: A non-surgical management for varicose vein | 2022 | International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022; 11 (3): 904-907 | Varicosis |
| Iqbal A, Qureshi HA, Rashid A, Ahmad Z, Ahmad S & Jan A | Statistical analysis of effectiveness of leeching in the management of frostbite in children | 2020 | Journal of Xi`an University of Architecture & Technology 2020; XII (IV): 3649-3670 | Frost Bite |
| Irish JC, Gullane PJ, Mulholland S & Neligan PC | Medicinal leech in head and neck reconstruction | 2000 | Journal of Otolaryngology, 2000; 29: 327-332 | Surgery |
| Isakhanian GS & Arutiunian VM | Medicinal leeches: Their medical use in therapy clinic | 1991 | Terapevticheskii Arkhiv 1991; 63 (8): 110-112 | Review Article |
| Isakhanyan GS & Arutiunian VM | Medizinische Blutegel: Ihre medizinische Verwendung in der therapeutischen Klinik | 1991 | Therapeuticheskii Arkhiv, Moskau 1991; 63 (8): 110-112 | Review Article, Therapy |
| Isakhanyan GS, Tumasian KS, Barsegian ZE et al. | Hirudin therapy and blood coagulability | 1992 | Kardiologiia, 1992; 32 (5): 80-81 | Anticoagulation, Cardiology, Respiratory Diseases, Rheumatism |
| Isgar B & Turner AG | Large scrotal haematoma treated with medicinal leeches | 1989 | British Journal of Urology, 1989; 64 (5): 549-550 | Urology, Haematoma |
| Isik M, Ugur M, Yakisan RS, Sari T & Yilmaz N | Comparison of the effectiveness of medicinal leech and TENS therapy in the treatment of primary osteoarthritis of the knee | 2016 | Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie (Published Online 17 August 2016) | Osteoarthritis |
| Itrat M & Zarnigar HN | Historical aspects of leech therapy: A critical review | 2013 | International Journal of Health Sciences & Research, 2013, 3 (7): 78-83 | History |
| Iveson-Iveson J | Leeches in medicine: they still hang on! | 1978 | Nursing Mirror, 1978; 22; 146 (25): 8-9 | Therapy |
| Iwakawa A, Gasic TB, Viner ED & Gasic GJ | Promotion of lung tumor colonization in mice by the synthetic thrombin inhibitor (no. 805) and its reversal by leech salivary gland extracts | 1986 | Clinical and Experimental Metastasis, 1986; 4 (3): 205-220 | Pharmacology, Tumour |
| Izharul H, Faiyaz, A & Mohd S | Scientific efficiency of leech remedy in varicose ulcer | 2011 | Advanced Scholars, 2011; 1 (2): 15-17 | Varicosis, Leg Ulcer |
| Jae-Hyuk C, Eun-Hye K, Na-Yeon C, Chung-Hwan B & Man-Ki C | Leech therapy for the salvage of complicated reconstructive flaps after head and neck cancer surgery | 2020 | Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 2020; 31: 51-56 | Surgery |
| Jagannathan M, Barthwal V & Devale M | Aesthetic and effective leech application | 2009 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2009; 124 (1): 338-340 | Surgery |
| Jahangir U, Akram M & Urooj S | Leech therapy in dermatology | 2016 | Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2016; 5 (3): 214-216 | Dermatology, Review Article |
| Jain S & Anita S | Elixir action of Ayurveda in Khalitya | 2016 | Ayushdhara 2016; 3 (2): 639-645 | Hair loss, Alopecia, Ayurveda |
| Jamir A, Prasanth D & Bhatted S | A systematic Ayurvedic approach on the management of varicose veins: A case series | 2019 | International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 2019; 7 (8): 2122-2128 | Varicose Veins, Dermatolgy, Ayurveda |
| Janda JM & Abbott SL | Evolving concepts regarding the genus Aeromonas: an expanding panorama of species, disease presentations, and unanswered questions. | 1998 | Clin Infect Dis, 1998; 27: 332-344 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Aeromonas |
| Janda JM & Abbott SL | The Genus Aeromonas: Taxonomy, Pathogenicity, and Infection | 2010 | Clinical Microbiology Review 2010 ; 23 (1) : 35-73 | Aeromonas, Review Article |
| Jang SY, Kim WS, Kim HK & Bae TH | Nasal columellar reconstruction with reverse lateral nasal artery pedicled nasolabial island flap | 2018 | The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 2018: 10.1097 | Surgery |
| Jauker F & Clauss W | Blutsauger in der Forschung | 2003 | Biologie unserer Zeit, 2003 ; 33 (1) :29-35 | Hirudo medicinalis, Biology |
| Javed A | Effect of leech application in prolapsed thrombosed hemorrhoid: A case study | 2016 | International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 2016; 7 (4): 238-240 | Haemorrhoids, Thrombosis |
| Jayant DS & Chandurkar VS | Role of Jalukavacharan and Mahamanjishtadi Kwath in the management of Mukhadushika w.s.r to acne vulgaris - A case study | 2018 | International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 2018; 6 (8): 25-32 | Dermatology, Acne |
| Jelodar T, Pazoki H & Khakshor M | | | | |
| Effect of blood type on reproduction rate in medicinal leech Hirudo orientalis 2022 | Aquatics Physiology and Biotechnology, 2022; 9(4): 125-139 | Breeding, Blood Feeding | | |
| Jha K, Garg A, Narany R & Das S | Hirudotherapy in Medicine and Dentistry | 2015 | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2015, 9 (12) : 5-7 | Review Article |
| Jiang Q, Wang L, Hu J & Zhang Y | Related mechanisms of leech (Shuizhi) on the antiplatelet aggregation by oral administration. A review | 2018 | Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2018; in press | Antiplatelet Aggregation, Thrombolysis, Oral Administration |
| Jobst D | Von Blutegeln, Schröpfköpfen und Co | 2008 | Med für Allgemeinärzte, 2008 ; 3 : 12-15 | Therapy |
| Johnson PH | Hirudin: Clinical potential of a thrombin inhibitor | 1994 | Annual Reviews of Medicine, 1994 ; 48 : 165-177 | Saliva, Hirudin, Anticoagulation |
| Jones CP & Sawyer RT | Heparin inhibits mammalian, but not leech, Hyaluronidase | 1989 | Thrombosis Research, 1989 ; 55 (6) : 791-796 | Pharmacology, Interactions, Heparin, Hyaluronidasis |
| Jopen-Wolff CB | Der medizinische Blutegel und seine Wirkstoffe | 1984 | Dissertation München 1984 | Saliva |
| Jose M, Varghese J & Babu A | Salvage of venous congestion using medicinal leeches for traumatic nasal flap | 2015 | Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery 2015; 14 (Suppl 1): S251-S254 | Surgery |
| Joslin J, Biondid A, Walker K & Zanglin N | A comprehensive review of Hirudiniasis: From historic uses of leeches to modern treatments of their bites | 2017 | Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 2017; 28: 355-361 | Hirudiniasis, Review |
| Judson WE | Cardiohemodynamic effects of venous congestion of legs or phlebotomy in patients with and without heart failure | 1955 | Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1955 ; 34 : 614-621 | Cardio-vascular System, Cardiology, Venesection |
| Jueg W | Der medizinische Blutegel (Hirudo medicinalis LINNAEUS, 1758) in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | 2009 | Mitteilungen der NGM, 2009 ; 9 (1) : 3-14 | Hirudo medicinalis, Biology, Demography |
| Juilleret M, Marquet M, Riehl-Bellon N et al. | Expression and secretion in S. cerevisia of biologically active leech Hirudin | 1988 | Bio-Technology, 1988 ; 6 : 72-77 | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Julian DG, Simpson JM, Cadigan PJ et al. | A controlled trial of GL enzyme in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction | 1988 | Cardiology,1988 ; 75 : 177-183 | Saliva, Hyaluronidasis, Hyaglosidasis, Cardiology, Cardiovascular System, Myocardial Infarction |
| Jung F, Koscielny J, Mrowietz C et al. | Einfluss der Hämodilution auf den systemischen und den Kapillarhämatokrit | 1990 | Infusionstherapie, 1990; 17: 268-275 | Cardiology, Cardiovascular System, |
| Jung JA, Kim YW & Kang SR | Reconstruction of unexpected huge chart wall defect after recurrent breast cancer excision using a TRAM flap combined with partial Latissimus Dorsi muscle flap | 2013 | Archives of Plastic Surgery, 2013; 40 (1): 76-79 | Surgery |
| Junger WG, Hallstrom S, Redl H & Schlag G | Inhibition of human, bovine, and baboon neutrophil elastase with eglin c and secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor | 1992 | Biological Chemistry Hoppe Seyler, 1992; 373: 119-122 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Jurk D | Die Behandlung der Schultersteife mit dem medizinischen Blutegel | 1990 | Zeitschrift für Physiotherapie, 1990; 42: 119-124 | Orthopaedics, Myogelosis |
| Jyothsna S, Verma SK, Sreevani M & Kiran TU | A review of the therapeutic applications of leech | 2016 | International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 2016; 4 (9): 3028-3035 | Surgery, Review Article |
| Kadegaon M, Manjunath BR, Anantamati D, Arakeri SJ & Hallad A | Ayurvedic management of folliculitis decalvance, as ingle case report | 2023 | TIJER International Research Journal 2023; 10 (3): 654-660 | Dermatology, Ayurveda, Folliculitis |
| Kadu A | Jalaukavacharan (Leech) in Anjananamika (External Hordeolum) | 2015 | Journal of Indian System of Medicine 2015; 3 (1): 44-47 | Dermatology, Hordeolum, Stye, Eyelid |
| Kadu AS, Rajput DS & Deshmuk SG | Management of recurrent nasal vestibular furunculosis by jalaukavacharana and palliative treatment | 2017 | Ancient Science of Life 2017; 36: 220-224 | Dermatology, Furuncle |
| Kaehler Schweizer D | Blutegelbehandlung bei schweren Hämatomen in der Hausarztpraxis | 2007 | Primary Care, 2007; 7: nr. 46-47. Abstracts SGAM-Kongress | Haematoma |
| Kaehler Schweizer D | Thérapie par les sangsues | 2008 | Editions Jouvence, Genf 2008 | Handbook |
| Kaehler Schweizer D | Blutegeltherapie bei Polycythaemia vera | 2011 | Deutsche Heilpraktiker Zeitschrift, 2011; 6: 40-43 | Polycythaemia vera |
| Kaehler Schweizer D & Westendorff M | Hirudotherapie. Ein Handbuch der Blutegel-Therapie | 2021 | Clermont-Ferrand 2021 | Handbook |
| Kaehler Schweizer D & Westendorff M | Die Blutegeltherapie. Wissenswertes für Patienten zur Hirudotherapie | 2014 | Unimedica, Kandern 2014 | Patient Brochure |
| Kalbermatten DF, Rieger UM, Uike K, Erba F, Laifer G, Hintermann B & Pierer G | Aeromonas hydrophila-Infektion nach Therapie mit Hirudo medicinalis bei venöser Stauung nach freiem mikrovaskulären osteo-(myo-)kutanen Gewebetransfer – Empfehlungen zur erfolgreichen Therapie | 2007 | Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie, 2007; 39 (2): 108-111 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Kalender ME, Comez G, Sevinc A, Dirier A & Camci C | Leech therapy for symptomatic relief from cancer pain | 2010 | Pain Medicine, 2010; 11 (3): 443-445 | Oncology, Cancer Pain |
| Kalyoncu H | Barbering profession in old Istanbul life within visual arts and the materials used by barbers | 2021 | Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal 2021; 35: 124-145 | History |
| Kamath M | Role of leech therapy in wound healing - A short review | 2020 | Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2020; 13 (10): 5040-5041 | Wound Healing |
| Kameneva MV, Parfenov AS, Chirkova LD & Baskova IP | Piyavit – a complex preparation from the medicinal leech improves blood rheology and decreases platelet aggregation. | 1995 | Clinical Hemorheology, 1995; 15 (4): 633-640 | Saliva, Piyavit, Leech Ointment |
| Kämpfer P, Busse HJ, Galatis H, Criscuolo A, Clermont D, Bizet C & Glaeser SP | Paracoccus haematequi sp. nov., isolated from horse blood | 2019 | International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 2019, online 08 APR 2019 | Pharmacovigilance, Bacteria |
| Kampowski T, Eberhard L, Gallenmüller F, Speck T & Poppinga S | Functional morphology of suctions discs and attachment performance of the Mediterranean medicinal leech (Hirudo verbana Carena) | 2016 | Journal of the Royal Society Interface 2016; 13 (117): 1-13 | Biology |
| Kandarian B, Sethi J, Wu A, Baker W, Yazdami N, Kym E, Sanchez A, Edsall L, Gaasterland T & Macagno E | The medicinal leech genome encodes 21 innexin genes: Different combinations are expressed by central neurons | 2012 | Development Genes and Evolution, 2012, 201 | Biology |
| Kang IG, Jung JH, Kim ST & Kim YJ | Reconstruction of a columellar defect with a nasolabial island flap | 2014 | Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology, 2014; 7 (2): 142-144 | Surgery |
| Kapadiya M, Shresta M & Dudhamal TS | Efficacy of leech application in the management of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) - A rare case report | 2018 | International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 2018; 2 (6): 1382-1387 | Peripheral Artery Disease, PAOD, Ulcer, Wound Healing |
| Karaban I & Labinski A | Non-motorized symptoms of Parkinson`s disease and endothelial dysfunction with combination therapy | 2016 | Experimental and Clinical Physiology and Biochemistry 2016; 76 (4): 59-63 | Parkinson`s Disease |
| Karadag AS, Calka O, Akdeniz N & Cecen I | A case of irritant contact dermatitis with leech | 2011 | Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2011; 30 (3): 234-235 | Pharmacovigilance, Allergy, Dermatology, Dermatitis |
| Karahan S, Agadayi E & Karagaz N | Evaluation of medical school students` knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding traditional and complementary medicine | 2020 | Cumhuriyet Medical Journal 2020; 42 (4): 434-440 | Alternative Medicine |
| Karalyan Z, Avetisyan A, Avagyan A, Ghazaryan H, Vordanyan T, Manukyan A, Semeriyan A & Voskanyan H | Leeches are possible reservoirs for African swine fever virus | 2019 | Veterinary Microbiology 2019; in press | Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacovigilance |
| Karimi M & Soroushzadeh SM | Venous leg ulcer treatment in an 85-year-old female patient based on Iranian traditional medicine in Tehran in 2016 | 2017 | Asian Journal of Clinical Case Reports of Traditional and Alternative Medicine 2017; 1 (1): 21-28 | Dermatology, Ulcer |
| Kariminianfard N & Jaberi A | The prevalence of using complementary and alternative medicine products among patients with pressure ulcer | 2022 | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 2022; 22 (91) | Alternative Medicine |
| Karino M, Okuma S, Die T, Akutsu J, Hattori M, Yoshino A, Kanno T & Sekine J | A case of medical leech therapy for venous congestion following forearm flap reconstruction | 2018 | Cancer and Chemotherapy 2018; 45 (13): 2135-2137 | Surgery, Reconstruction, Flap |
| Kashiwagi K, Hashimoto I, Abe Y, Kotsu K, Yamano M & Nakanishi H | Quantitative analysis of hemodynamics of congested island flaps under leech therapy | 2013 | The Journal of Medical Investigation, 2013; 60: 213-220 | Pharmacology, Surgery, Doppler Fluorimetry |
| Kashyap V, Gaur MB, Pandey YK & Sabharwal P | Raktamokshan - An ancient ayurvedic parasurgical practice and ist applicability in contemporary clinical practice: A review | 2019 | European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research 2019; 6 (4): 634-640 | Therapy, Review Article |
| Kasparek M, Demirsoy A, Akbulut A et al. | Distribution and status of the medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis L.) in Turkey | 2000 | Hydrobiologia, 2000; 441: 37-44 | Hirudo medicinalis, Demography |
| Kassin VU & Bajanov NN | The importance of leech therapy in patients with ‘malignant‘ forms of facial furuncles and carbuncles | 2007 | International Biotherapy Society, Jerusalem 2007 | Dermatology, Furuncles |
| Katariya P, Pawaskar M, Joglekar N, Katariya Y & Datye A | An exploratory prospective clinical study to assess the combined effect of Virechana and Raklamokshana in Vicharchika - A case study | 2017 | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2017; 2 (1): 258-262 | Dermatology, Itching, Wound Healing |
| Katiyar K, K S, Elamin AI & Karunamoorthi K | A study on leech`s therapeutic applications | 2023 | Europeam Chemical Bulletin 2023; 12 (6): 2643-2647 | Review |
| Katiyar S, Kuma B & Misra SK | Holistic review of Jaluka - A natural surgical tool in the management of Ashra (Haemorrhoids) | 2017 | International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry 2017; 7 (1): 262-269 | Review, Haemorrhoids |
| Kaundal R, Sharma OP, Garg GK & Hiremath J | Leech therapy in perianal haematoma – A case report | 2015 | Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine, 2015; 3 (1): 32-34 | Dermatology, Haematoma |
| Kavakli HS & Tannverdi F | Bilateral hemarthrosis due to hirudotherapy: Case report | 2010 | Journal of Academic Emergency Medicine Case Reports 2010; 1 (2): 20-22 | Hemarthrosis |
| Kaya A, Sari T & Maden RSY | A case with not reflux detection with leech therapy for 6 months follow-up in venous insufficiency | 2020 | International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research 2020; 1 (3): 147-148 | Venous Insufficiency |
| Kaya B, Bat O, Bulut NE, Altun H & Memisoglu K | Prolonged venous bleeding due to traditional treatment with leech bite: a case report | 2011 | Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2011; 5: 172 | Pharmacovigilance, Bleeding, Varicosis |
| Keerthana AJ | A comparative clinical trial of Siddha formulations of Nilavaaganai chooranam (internally) and Thengaai Thylam (externally) in the treatment of "Karappan" (Eczema) with and without leech therapy | 2020 | Thesis Sisappu Maruthuvam University, India 2020 | Dermatology, Eczema |
| Keim A | Studies on the host specifity of the medicinal blood leech Hirudo medicinalis | 1993 | Parasitology Research, 1993; 79: 251-255 | Pharmacovigilance, Hirudo medicinalis, Infections |
| Keller A | Krampfadern, Venenentzündungen und Hämorrhoiden | 1963 | Ursachen, Verhütung und Naturheilung der Krampfadern, Venenentzündung und Hämorrhoiden. Gelnhausen 1963 | Varicosis, Phlebitis, Haemorrhoids, Venous Inflammation |
| Kemperdick GK | Rheumatische Erkrankungen lindern | 1990 | In: Kemperdick GK: Rheumatische Erkrankungen lindern, 1990: 79-80 | Rheumatism |
| Kenari HM, Kordafshari G & Moghini M | Treatment of acne by Persian medicine (Temperament modification plus leech therapy): A case report | 2020 | Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2020; 5 (1): in press | Dermatology, Acne |
| Kenari HM, Kordafshari G & Moghini M | Treatment of chronic acne by Persian medicine (Temperament modification plus leech therapy): A case report | 2020 | Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2020; 5 (1): 14-18 | Dermatology, Acne |
| Kenari HM, Kordafshari G, Aghigi S & Moghimi M | Treatment of a traumatic injury of hand with Persian medicine | 2018 | Archives of Clinical and Biomedical Research 2018; 2 (2): 59-67 | Wound Healing |
| Kenel C | Les sangsues, l‘hirudine, leurs applications en ophthalmologie | 1946 | Annales d‘oculistique,1946; 179: 296-305 | Ophthalmology |
| Kermanian CS, Buote NJ & Bergman PJ | Medicinal leech therapy in veterinary medicine: A retrospective study | 2022 | Journal of American Animal Hospital Association 2022; 58 (6): 303-308 | Veterinary Medicine |
| Keski H | The assessment of complementary and alternative medicine use among patients with hematological malignicies | 2021 | Journal of Integrative and Anatolian Medicine 2021; 2 (3): 4-19 | Cancer |
| Khalique A, Siddiqui MY & Ashraf MA | Irsal-E-Alaq (Hirudotherapy) in Unani system of medicine and modern medicine: An overview | 2019 | International Journal of Unani and Integrative Medicine 2019; 3 (1): 1-6 | Review Article Unani System |
| Khan BA, Khan R, Chaudhary AH, Ahmad M & Ahmed J | Leech therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in Unani system of medicine: A review | 2018 | International Journal of Unani and Integrative Medicine 2018; 2 (1): 17-19 | Unani medicine, Review Article |
| Khan JA | Role of leech therapy in osteoarthritis | 2012 | Lambert Academic Publishing 2012; 1-78 | Osteoarthritis |
| Khan MS, Guan De-Long, Kvist S, Ma LB, Yuan-Ying X & Xu SQ | Transcriptomics and differential gene expression in Whitmania pigra (Annelida: Clitellata: Hirudinidae): Contrasting feeding and fasting modes | 2019 | Ecology and Evolution, 2019: 1-14 | Biology |
| Khan NA, Wakode KS & Haran KA | Management of central serous chorioretinopathy by Jalaukavacharana - A case study | 2023 | Journal of Ayurveda & Holistic Medicine 2023; 11: 132-138 | Ophthalmology, Chorioretinopathy |
| Khan SA, Rehman S & Ahmer SM | Management of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) by leech therapy: A case study | 2016 | Hippocratic Journal of Unani Medicine 2016; 11 (4): 83-90 | Deep Vein Thrombosis |
| Khan SM & Ansari AN | Effects of leech therapy (Irsal-e Alaq) and Unani formulation (Itrifal Sagheer with Zanjabeel) in the management of varicose veins: An open, randomized, standard controlled three groups clinical trial | 2015 | Spatula DD Peer Reviewed Journal on Complementary Medicine and Drug Discovery 2015; 5 (1): 41-50 | Dermatology, Varicosis |
| Khankhane MN | Role of leech (Jalouka) saliva in Raktamokshan | 2019 | Ayurline: International Journal of Research in Indian medicine 2019; 3 (2): 1-7 | Saliva, Therapy, Review |
| Khanna V, Raina A, Bhardwaj A, Sharma A & Khajuria A | Effect of leech application in thrombosed haemorrhoid | 2017 | Ayushdhara 2017; 4 (4): 1264-1268 | Dermatology, Haemorrhoids |
| Khelifa E, Kaya G & Laffitte E | Cutaneous pseudolymphomas after leech therapy | 2013 | The Journal of Dermatology, 2013 ; 40 (8) : 674-675 | Dermatology, Pharmacovigilance, Pseudolymphoma |
| Kikuchi Y & Graf J | Spatial and temporal population dynamics of a natural occurring two-species microbial community inside the digestive tract of the medicinal leech | 2007 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2007; 73 (6): 1984-1991 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Aeromonas |
| Kikuchi Y, Bomar L & Graf J | Stratified bacterial community in the bladder of the medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana | 2009 | Environmental Microbiology, 2009; 11 (10): 2758-2770 | Biology, Aeromonas hydrophila.Pharmacovigilance |
| Kilic M & Rohat AK | Orbital cellulitis due to leech therapy | 2019 | Bulletin of Emergency and Trauma 2019; 7 (3): 335-336 | Pharmacovigilance |
| Killedar RS, Madiwalar MB & Shindhe | Ayurveda management of post thrombotic syndrome associated with chronic ulcer - A case report | 2021 | Annals of Ayurvedic Medicine 2021; 10 (1): 65-73 | Wound Healing, Ulcer, Post Thrombotic syndrome |
| Kim JH, Kim JM, Park JW, Hwang JH & Kim KS | Reconstruction of the medial canthus using an ipsilateral paramedian forehead flap | 2013 | Archives of Plastic Surgery, 2013; 40 (6): 742-747 | Surgery |
| Kim JS, Choi TH, Kim NG, Lee KS, Han KH, Son DG, Kim JH, Lee AI & Kang D | The replantation of an amputated tongue by supermicrosurgery | 2007 | Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 2007; 60: 1152-1155 | Surgery, Tongue |
| Kim KS, Kim ES, Hwang JH & Lee SY | Microsurgical replantation of a partial helix of the ear | 2009 | Microsurgery 2009; 29 (7): 548-551 | Surgery, Ear Replantation |
| Kind GM, Buncke GM, Placik OJ, Jansen DA, D`Amore T & Buncke HJ | Total ear replantation | 1997 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 1997; 99 (7): 1858-1867 | Surgery |
| King S, Toshinski S & Hillard C | Cost efficiency of leech therapy duration for revascularized and replanted digits with venous congestion | 2022 | Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery Global Open 2022; 10: 38 | Surgery |
| Kirk RGW & Pemberton N | Re-imagining bleeders: The medicinal leech in the nineteenth century bloodletting encounter | 2011 | Medicinal History, 2011; 55 (3): 355-360 | History |
| Klügel R | Ein Biss, der Schmerzen lindern kann | 2016 | Praxis Pflegen 2016; 24: 25-27 | Orthopaedics |
| Klügel R | Mitteilung der DGTHA | 2016 | ZAEN Magazin 2016; 2: 64-65 | German Association of Hirudotherapy DGTHA |
| Klügel R | Medizinische Blutegeltherapie | 2019 | Praxis Magazin 2019; 10: 34-35 | Therapy |
| Klügel R | Rheumatoide Arthritis | 2019 | Zeitschrift für Komplementärmedizin 2019; 5: 42-43 | Arthritis |
| Klügel R | Über die Behandlung mit medizinischen Blutegeln | 2019 | Connexi Conferences 2019: 22-24 | Review Article |
| Klügel R | Medizinische Blutegeltherapie bei chronischen und akuten Nackenschmerzen | 2021 | ZAEN Magazin 2021; 13 (1): 54-55 | Orthopaedics, Neck Pain |
| Klügel R & Koeppen D | Medizinische Blutegeltherapie in Praxis und Wissenschaft | 2019 | ZAEN Magazin 2019; 1 (3): 56-58 | Review Article |
| Klügel R & Koeppen D | Blutegeltherapie bei Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates | 2020 | Naturheilkunde 2020; 22 (1): 4-7 | Orthopaedics |
| Knobloch K, Gohritz A, Busch K, Spies M & Vogt PM | Hirudo medicinalis – Anwendungen in der plastischen und rekonstruktiven Mikrochirurgie – Eine Literaturübersicht | 2007 | Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, Plastische Chirurgie, 2007; 39 (2): 103-107 | Review Article, Surgery, Doppler Fluorimetry, Pharmacology |
| Koca CF, Cicek MT & Kayikcioglu E | An unusual body in the larynx: A live leech in the larynx | 2016 | Journal of Medical Sciences 2016: 6 (3): 206-208 | Casuality, Wild Leeches |
| Kocent LS & Spinner SS | Leech therapy: New procedures for an old treatment | 1992 | Pediatric Nursing, 1992; 18 (5): 481-483 | Therapy |
| Koch CA, Olsen SM & Moore EJ | Use of the medicinal leech for salvage of venous congested microvascular free flaps of the head and neck | 2011 | American Journal of Otholaryngology, 2011; Mar 1, 2137181 | Surgery |
| Koch CA, Olsen SM, Moore EJ et al. | Leech bites: massive bleeding, coagulation profile disorders, and severe anemia | 2008 | American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2008; 26 (9): 1067 e 3-6 | Pharmacovigilance, Bleeding |
| Koch L | Blutegeltherapie | 2019 | PraxisMagazin 2019; 2: 10-11 | Review |
| Koeppen D | Zum Einsatz der Blutegeltherapie bei Arthrosen | 2008 | Report Naturheilkunde, 2008; 6 (12): 40-41 | Review Article, Osteoarthritis |
| Koeppen D | Die zunehmende Bedeutung der Blutegeltherapie auf nationaler, europäischer und internationaler Ebene – Informationen zu rechtlichen und organisatorischen Rahmenbedingungen | 2014 | ZAEN Magazin, 2014; 2: 18-19 | Legal Position of Leech Therapy |
| Koeppen D | Blutegeltherapie: Mehr als ein Ausleitungsverfahren | 2016 | Naturheilkunde Journal 2016; 2: 16-18 | Review Article |
| Koeppen D | Aktuelle Literatur (2018) zum Wirkmechanismus und klinischer Wirksamkeit der Blutegeltherapie | 2018 | ZAEN Magazin 2018; 10 (3): 59-61 | Review Article |
| Koeppen D, Aurich M & Rampp T | Medicinal leech therapy in pain syndromes: a narrative review | 2014 | Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 2014; 164 (5-6): 95-102 | Review Article, Pain |
| Koeppen D, Aurich M, Pasalar M & Rampp T | Medicinal leech therapy in venous congestion and various ulcer forms: Perspectives of Western, Persian and Indian medicine | 2020 | Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 2020; 10: 104-109 | Review, Surgery, Ulcer, Wound Healing |
| Kömürcü G & Karacol P | Conventional and saving method in flap surgery; Medical leech applications | 2020 | Ulusal Akupunktur Kongresi 2020: 20-21 | Surgery |
| Konyrtaeva NN, Grjibovski AM, Kausova GK, Zhernov VA & Kalmataeva ZA | Leech therapy in treatment of cardiovascular diseases | 2015 | Ekologiya Cheloveka (Human Ecology), 2015; 6: 57-64 | Review Article, Cardiology, Hypertension |
| Konyrtaeva NN, Ivanov SV, Kausova GK, Zharnov VA & Grjibovski AM | Leech therapy in Kazakhstan: Patient`s characteristics and compliance with treatment | 2016 | Human Ecology 2016; 2: 42-48 | Demography |
| Kornreich L & Kleinhaus AL | Postingestive chemosensation and feeding by leeches | 1999 | Physiology and Behavior, 1999; 67 (5): 635-641 | Biology, Breeding, Artificial Blood |
| Kose A, Zengin S, Kose B, Gunay N, Yildirim C, Kilinc H & Togun I | Leech bites: massive bleeding, coagulation profile disorders, and severe anemia | 2008 | American Journal of Emergency Medicine 2008; 26 (9): 1067.e 3-6 | Pharmacovigilance, Bleeding |
| Köse R, Mordeniz C & Sanli C | Use of expanded reverse sural artery flap in lower extremity reconstruction | 2011 | Journal Foot Ankle Surgery, 2011; Jul 1 (Epub) | Surgery |
| Köstering H, König F, Kositzki H et al. | Thrombenbehandlung durch Hirudin. Untersuchungen über die Wirkung der Exhirud-Blutegelsalbe auf gleichstrominduzierte Thromben in der Ohrvene der Maus | 1973 | Der praktische Arzt, 1973; 20 (9): 1-9 | Thrombosis, Anticoagulation, Exhirud, Pharmacology, Leech Ointment |
| Kotick JD & Taghinia A | Prolonged bleeding after a single leech application in pediatric hand surgery | 2017 | Journal of Hand and Microsurgery 2017; 9 (2): 98-100 | Surgery, Bleeding |
| Kovalenko MV & Utevsky SY | Size structure and comparative phenology of syntopic population of Hirudo verbana and Hirudo medicinalis in Eastern Ukraine | 2012 | Biologia, 2012; 67 (5): 934-938 | Biology, Hirudo medicinalis |
| Kozin SH | Pollicization: The concept, technical details, and outcome | 2012 | Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery, 2012; 4 (1): 18-35 | Surgery |
| Kraemer BA, Korber KE, Aquino TI & Engleman A | Use of leeches in plastic and reconstructive surgery: a review. | 1988 | Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, 1988; 4 (5): 381-386 | Review Article, Surgery |
| Krashenyuk A | Neurotrophic (Neural Stimulating) and neuromediator effects of Hirudo medicinalis.Pathogenic mechanism of treatment of the nervous system of the human | 2020 | Acta Scientific Medical Science 2020; 4 (3): 1-6 | Saliva, Therapy, Review, Neurology |
| Krashenyuk AI | Coronavirus COVID-19 - Theoretical and practical substantiations for reducing mortality from complications | 2020 | Academy of Hirudotherapy, St. Petersburg 2020 | Corona, COVID-19 |
| Krauß H | Über die Bewährung der Blutegel- und Schröpfbehandlung beim peripheren Rheumatismus | 1948 | Deutsches Gesundheitswesen, 1948; 17: 519 | Rheumatism |
| Kretzberg J, Pirschel F, Fathiazar E & Hilgen G | Encoding of tactile stimuli by mechanoreceptors and interneurons of the medicinal leech | 2016 | Frontiers in Physiology 2016; 7 (506): 1-15 | Biology, Nervous System |
| Kruer RM, Barton CA, Roberti G, Gilbert B & McMillian WD | Antimicrobial prophylaxis during Hirudo medicinalis therapy: A multicenter study | 2014 | Journal of Reconstructive Surgery, 2015; 31 (3): 205-209 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance |
| Krug E | Der medizinische Blutegel und seine therapeutische Verwendung | 1985 | Erfahrungsheilkunde, 1985; 34 (10): 725-733 | Therapy |
| Kucur C, Durmus K, Uysal IO, Old M, Agrawal A, Arshad H, Teknos TN & Ozer E | Management of complications and compromised free flaps following major head and neck surgery | 2015 | European Archives of Otorhinolaryngology, 2016; 273 (1): 209-213 | Surgery, Review Article, Haematoma |
| Kukova G, Gerber PA, Antal AS & Horney B | Allergy sucks: leeches may also be harmful | 2010 | Contact Dermatitis, 2010; 62 (2): 124-125 | Pharmacovigilance, Allergy, Dermatology, Dermatitis |
| Kulbida R, Mathes A & Loeser J | Beneficial effects of hirudotherapy in a chronic case of complex regional pain syndrome | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019; 17 (5): 383-386 | Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Morbus Sudeck, Pain |
| Kulemzina TV, Krasnozhon SV & Shakula AV | Constitutional approach as a factor of sports injury prevention | 2021 | Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine 2021; 20 (6): 34-39 | Sports Injury, Ankle trauma, Rehabilitation |
| Kulkarni NH & Patil SN | Clinical evaluation of leeching and surgical excision in the management of external thrombosed haemorrhoids | 2015 | International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research, 2015; 3 (2): 60-65 | Dermatology, Haemorrhoids |
| Kumar M | Leech farming centre: Necessity, endeavour and success | 2020 | Annals of Ayurvedic Medicine 2020; 9 (1): 51 | Leech Breeding |
| Kumar M & Rani M | Natural water habitat is best for leech farming: An observational pilot study | 2018 | World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018; 7 (8): 1037-1048 | Breeding |
| Kumar M, Manjusha R & Baghela DB | A clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of Karpuradi Kuzhampu Anjana and Jalaukavacharana in the management of praklinnavartma (blepharitis) | 2015 | International Ayurveda Medical Journal, 2015; 3 (3): 670-679 | Blepharitis, Eye Disease |
| Kumar N, Mohindra R, Mohan B & Wander GS | Gastrointestinal bleed after leeching in a patient on aspirin therapy | 2005 | Indian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2005; 24 (4): 170 | Pharmacovigilance, Bleeding |
| Kumar PH, Kumar RR & Rao RR | Efficacy of leech therapy and ayurvedic compound in vitiligo: A quasi experimental study | 2012 | International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 2012; 3 (6): 868-871 | Dermatology, Vitiligo |
| Kumar S | Management of acrosclerosis through Ayurveda - A case report | 2020 | Journal of Ayurveda 2020; 14 (1): 47-52 | Acrosclerosis, Ayurveda |
| Kumar S, Dev A, Kochhar LK & Singh AM | Living leech in nose and nasopharynx - An unusual foreign body (Report of two cases) | 1989 | Indian Journal of Otolaryngology 1989; 41 (4): 160-161 | Hirudiniasis |
| Kumar S, Dobos GJ & Rampp T | Clinical significance of leech therapy in Indian medicine | 2013 | Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 2013; 18 (2): 152-158 | Biology, Dermatology, Wound Healing, History |
| Kumar SA | Anti inflammatory effect of leech therapy in the patients of psoriasis (EK KUSTHA) | 2012 | Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation, 2012; 1(1): 71-74 | Psoriasis, Inflammation |
| Kumar SA & Prakash SO | Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of leech therapy in the management of arthritis | 2011 | International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2011; 2 (12): 172-174 | Orthopaedics, Osteoarthritis |
| Kumar SA & Prakash SO | Analgesic and anti inflammatory effect of leech therapy (Jalaukavcharan) in the patients of osteoarthritis (Sandhigata Vata) | 2012 | International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2012; 3 (2): 104-107 | Orthopaedics, Osteoarthritis |
| Kumar SB | Application of leech (Jalauka) therapy on the management of Vatarakta (gout) | 2016 | Ayushdhara 2016; 3 (5): 842-844 | Gout |
| Kumar V, Sonu M & Bhatted SK | Efficacy of Jalaukavacharana in the management of Yuvanapidaka w.s.r to acne vulgaris. A pilot study | 2016 | International Ayurveda Medical Journal 2016; 4 (10): 2933-2938 | Dermatology, Acne |
| Kumar VD, Kumar CP, Kumar SA & Singh OP | A critical review on historical aspects of jalaukavacharan (hirudotherapy) | 2012 | International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy, 2012; 3 (1): 47-49 | History |
| Kumari A & Amarprakash D | Management of acute perianal hematoma with leech therapy - A case report | 2020 | British Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research 2020; 5 (5): 2630-2636 | Haematoma |
| Küng LG & Lüscher NJ | Hirudo medicinalis. Helfer in der Not | 1986 | Ars Medici, 1986: 258-265 | Surgery, History |
| Kuppe KO | Der Blutegel in der ärztlichen Praxis | 1977 | Hippokrates, Stuttgart 1977 | Handbook |
| Kutakow OI | Hirudinationsbehandlung bei Thrombophlebitis | 1965 | Klinicheskala Meditsina, 1965; 43: 120-123 | Thrombophlebitis |
| Kutschera U | Species concepts: leeches versus bacteria | 2004 | Lauterbornia, 2004; 52: 171-175 | Taxonomy, Hirudo medicinalis, Infections |
| Kutschera U | The infamous blood suckers from Lacus verbanus | 2006 | Lauterbornia, 2006; 56: 1-4 | Taxonomy, Hirudo medicinalis, Hirudo verbana |
| Kutschera U | Hilfreiche Blutsauger in der Medizin und ihre Systematik | 2012 | Biologie in unserer Zeit, 2012; 42 (6): 352-353 | Taxonomy, Hirudo medicinalis, Hirudo verbana |
| Kutschera U | The Hirudo medicinalis species complex | 2012 | Naturwissenschaften, 2012,; 99: 433-434 | Taxonomy, Hirudo medicinalis, Hirudo verbana, Biology |
| Kutschera U & Roth M | Cannibalism in a population of the medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) | 2005 | Biology Bulletin, 2005; 32: 626-628 | Hirudo medicinalis, Biology, Leech Cannibalism |
| Kutschera U & Roth M | Cocon deposition and cluster formation in populations of the medicinal leech (genus Hirudo) | 2006 | Lauterbornia, 2006; 56: 5-8 | Hirudo medicinalis, Biology, Chrysalis |
| Kutschera U & Shain DS | Hirudinea Lamarck 1818: Evolutionary origin and taxonomy of the six medicinal leeches (genus Hirudo) | 2019 | Biomedical Research and Reviews 2019; 3: 1-4 | Biology, taxonomy |
| Kutschera U, Langguth H, Kuo DH, Weisblat DA & Shankland M | Description of a new leech species from North America, Helbdella ausinensis n.sp. (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae) with observations on its feeding behaviour | 2013 | Zoosystematics and Evolution, 2013; 89 (2): 239-246 | Biology |
| Kutschera U, Roth M & Ewert JD | Feeding on Bufoid Toads and Occurrence of Hyparasitism in a Population of the Medicinal Leech (Hirudo verbana Carena 1820) | 2010 | Research Journal of Fisheries and Hydrobiology, 2010; 5 (1): 9-13 | Hirudo verbana, Biology, Leech Cannibalism, Breeding |
| Kvist S, Min GS & Siddal ME | Diversity and selective pressures of anticoagulants in three medicinal leeches (Hirudinida, Hirudinidae, Macrobdellidae) | 2013 | Ecology and Evolution, 2013; 3 (4): 918-933 | Biology, Anticoagulation |
| Kvist S, Oceguera-Figueroa A, Siddall ME & Erseus C | Barcoding, types and the Hirudo files: Using information content to critically evaluate the identity of DNA barcodes | 2010 | Mitochondrial DNA, 2010; 21 (6): 198-205 | Biology |
| Labinskiy AI & Labinska GB | Physical therapy of the early non-motorized violations to slow the progression of Parkinson`s disease | 2019 | Likars`ka Sprava 2019; 1-2: 117-120 | Parkinson`s Disease |
| Labinsky AY | Effectiveness of nonpharmacological therapy of patients with ischemic stroke (Hirudotherapy combined with nutritional correction) | 2015 | Acta Medica Leopoliensa 2015; 21 (4): 16-19 | Cerebrovascular Disease, Stroke |
| Laila S, Fatemeh E & Bakhtyari L | Treatment of diabetic foot ulcer with medicinal leech therapy and honey curcumin dressings: A case report | 2019 | Traditional Medicine Research 2019: 1-7 | Dermatology, Wound Healing, Diabetic Foot, Ulcer |
| Lamb DG & Calabrese RL | Neural circuits controlling behavior and autonomic functions in medicinal leeches | 2011 | Neural Systems & Circuits, 2011; 1: 1-13 | Biology, Nervous System |
| Lamy B, Baron S & Barraud O | Aeromonas: The multifaceted middleman in the One Health world | 2022 | Current Opinion in Microbiology 2022; 65: 24-32 | Aeromonas hydrophila |
| Lamy B, Kodjo A, the coIBHV Study Group & Laurent F | Prospective nationwide study of Aeromonas infection in France | 2009 | Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2009; 47 (4): 1234-1237 | Pharmacovigilance, Aeromonas |
| Lancellot M | Relying on pat science: nursing implications of medicinal leech therapy | 1993 | Medsurg Nursing, 1993; 2 (2): 128-130 | Therapy |
| Lang M & Knemeyer C | Blutegeltherapie | 2021 | Tierärztezeitung 2021; 4: 17-18 | Veterinary Medicine, Review Article |
| Langer S, Vezsenyi K, deCarle D, Bersdorf VD & Kvist S | Leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) from the far north of Ontaria: Distribution, diversity, and diagnostics | 2017 | Canadian Journal of Zoology 2017, e-first edition | Biology |
| Larsson J, Klasson S & Arnljots B | Successful nose replantation using leeches for venous draining | 2016 | Facial Plastic Surgery 2016; 32 (04): 469-470 | Surgery |
| Latrille J & NikonovG | Leech extracts for stents | 2006 | Fresh Patents.com. Application Number 20060110425 | Destabilase, Patent |
| Laturnus M, Weger V & Bachter D | Blutegeltherapie bei venös gestauter Lappenplastik | 2010 | Akta Dermatologica 2010; 36: 33-34 | Surgery, Dermatology, Wound Healing |
| Lauber HJ | Beitrag zur Behandlung des malignen Gesichtsfurunkels | 1939 | Zentralblatt für Chirurgie, 1939; 13: 748-753 | Dermatology, Furuncles |
| Lauche R, Cramer H, Langhorst J & Dobos GJ | A systematic review and meta-analysis of medical leech therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee | 2014 | Clinical Journal of Pain, 2014; 30 (1): 63-72 | Orthopaedics, Osteoarthritis, Review Article |
| Lauche R, Cramer H, Moebus S, Paul A, Michalsen A, Langhorst J & Dobos GJ | Results of a 2-week inpatient stay at the department for internal and integrative medicine: An observational study | 2012 | Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012; 2012: 675874 | Therapy |
| Laufer AS, Siddall ME & Graf J | Characterization of the digestive tract microbiota of Hirudo orientalis, a European medicinal leech | 2008 | Applied Environmental Microbiology, 2008; 74 (19): 6151-6154 | Hirudo orientalis, Biology, Infections |
| Lazarou EE, Catalano G, Catalano MC et al. | The psychological effects of leech therapy after penile auto-amputation | 2006 | Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 2006; 12 (2): 119-123 | Surgery, Urology |
| Lee C, Mehran RJ, Lessard ML & Kerrigan CL | Leeches: controlled trial in venous compromised rat epigastric flaps | 1992 | British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 1992; 45 (3): 235-238 | Surgery, Wound Healing, Pharmacology |
| Lee JH, Kim DG, Choi KY, Chung HY & Lee JS | Successful microsurgical replantation of scalp amputation using medicinal and chemical leech therapy: A case report | 2020 | Archives of Hand and Microsurgery 2020; 25 (4): 320-325 | Surgery, Scalp Replantation |
| Lee NJ & Peckitt NS | Treatment of sublingual hematoma with medicinal leeches: report of a case | 1996 | Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1996; 54: 101-103 | Haematoma |
| Lee ZH, Cohen JM, Daar D, Anzai L, Hacquebord J & Thanik V | Quantifying outcomes for leech therapy in digit revascularization and replantation | 2019 | Journal of Hand Surgery 2019; 44 (4): 414-418 | Surgery, Replantation, Digits |
| Lehmberg JM | Die Mediatorfunktion von Bradykinin und Platelet Activating Factor bei der globalen zerebralen Ischämie | 2002 | LMU (Universität) München 2002 | Saliva, PAF-Inhibitor |
| Lemaire Q, Lefebvre C, Salzet M, Raffo-Romero A, Arab T, van Camp G, LeMarrec-Crocq F, Vizoli J & Sautière PE | Study of exosomal RNAs microglia involved in neuroprotection in Hirudo medicinalis | 2018 | Journal of Extracellular Vesicles 2018; 108 | Neuroprotection, Biology |
| Lemke S | Die Speicheldrüsenzellen des medizinischen Blutegels, Hirudo verbana - Struktur, Inhaltsstoffe und mögliche Funktionen | 2014 | Greifswald University 2014 | Biology. Leech Saliva, Hirudo verbana |
| Lemke S & Vilcinskas A | European medicinal leeches - New roles in modern medicine | 2020 | Biomedicines 2020; 8, 99: 1-12 | Review Article, Saliva |
| Lemke S, Müller C & Hildebrandt JP | Be ready at any time: Postprandal synthesis of salivary proteins in salivary gland cells of the haematophagous leech Hirudo verbana | 2016 | Journal of Experimental Biology 2016; 219: 1139-1145 | Biology, Saliva, Hirudo verbana |
| Lemke S, Müller C, Lipke E, Uhl G & Hildebrandt JP | May salivary gland secretory proteins from hematophagous leeches (Hirudo verbana) reach pharmacologically relevant concentrations in the vertebrate host? | 2013 | Pl0sOne 2013; 8 (9):e73809 | Saliva, Proteins, Hirudo verbana |
| Lemonas P, Hussain MA & Edwards D | Letter: Leeches as a cost-effective measure in plastic and reconstructive surgery | 2011 | International Wound Journal 2011; 8: 212-213 | Surgery |
| Lent C | New medical and scientific uses of the leech | 1986 | Nature, 1986; 323: 494 | Review Article, Therapy, Pharmacovigilance |
| Lent CM & Dickinson MH | The neurobiology of feeding in leeches | 1988 | Scientific American, 1988; 258: 98-103 | Review Article, Hirudo medicinalis, Biology |
| Lent CM, & Dickinson MH | On the termination of ingestive behavior by the medicinal leech | 1987 | Journal of Experimental Biology, 1987; 131: 1-15 | Biology, Breeding, Artificial Blood |
| Lent CM, Fliegner KH, Freedman E & Dickinson MH | Ingestive behaviour and physiology of the medicinal leech | 1988 | Journal Experimental Biology, 1988; 137: 513-527 | Biology |
| Lequesne M | Klinische und röntgenologische Verlaufsbeobachtungen bei Hüft- und Kniegelenksarthrosen – Methoden und Ergebnisse | 1994 | Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 1994; 53: 243-249 | Osteoarthritis, Methodolgy |
| Lequesne M, Mery C, Samson M & Gerard P | Incidence of severity of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee –value in comparison with other assessments tests | 1987 | Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 1987; suppl. 65: 85-89 | Osteoarthritis, Methodolgy |
| Leuze AM | Technik der Blutegelbehandlung | 1936 | Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1936; 83 (8): 315-317 | Therapy |
| Leuze AM | Die Blutegelbehandlung in der Heilstätte | 1937 | Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1937; 84 (17): 643-645 | Therapy |
| Levine SM, Frangos SG, Hanna B, Colen K & Levine JP | Aeromonas septicemia after medicinal leech use following replantation of severed digits | 2010 | American Journal of Critical Care, 2010; 19 (5): 469-471 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Aeromonas hydrophila, Antibiosis |
| Li S, Zhang Y, Dou X, Zuo P & Liu J | Hard to be killed: Load bearing capacity of the leech Hirudo nipponia | 2018 | Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Miomedical Materials 2018, in press | Biology |
| Liang Q, Wang, L, Hu J & Zhang Y | Oral administration of leeches (Shuizhi): A review of the mechanisms of action on platelet aggregation | 2019 | Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2019; 232: 103-109 | Review Article, Pharmacology |
| Lim CL | Successful transfer of “free” microvascular superficial temporal artery flap with no obvious venous drainage and use of leeches for reducing venous congestion: case report | 1986 | Microsurgery, 1986; 7: 87-88 | Surgery |
| Lin PY, Chiang YC, Hsieh CH & Jeng SF | Microsurgical replantation and salvage procedures in traumatic ear amputation | 2010 | The Journal of Trauma, Injury Infection & Critical Care 2010; 69 (4) E15- | Surgery, Chemical Leech |
| Lin PY, Jeng SF, Lin TS & Hsieh CH | Upper limb replantation | 2012 | Trauma 2012; 14 (4): 313-326 | Surgery, Review Article |
| Lindemann BA | Das Verhalten der Kapillaren in der Umgebung des Blutegelbisses | 1939 | Pharmakologisches Institut der Universität Berlin, 1939: 490-502 | Saliva, Histamin |
| Lindner R | Lebende Apotheke | 2002 | Naturheilkunde. 2002: 12-15 | Review Article, Therapy |
| Lineaweaver WC | Aeromonas hydrophila infections following use of medicinal leeches: A review of published cases | 1991 | Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis, 1991; 2 (1): 201-203 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Review Article |
| Lineaweaver WC, Furnas H, Follansbee S, Buncke GH, Whitney TM & Canales F | Postprandial Aeromonas hydrophila cultures and antibiotic levels of enteric aspirates from medicinal leeches applied to patients receiving antibiotics | 1992 | Annals Plastic Surgery, 1992; 29 (3): 245-249 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Lineaweaver WC, Hill MK, Buncke GM, Follansbee S, Buncke HJ, Wong RK, Manders EK, Grotting JC, Anthony J & Mattes SJ | Aeromonas hydrophila infections following use of medicinal leeches in replantation and flap surgery | 1992 | Annals Plastic Surgery, 1992; 29 (3): 238-244 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Lineaweaver WC, O´Hara M, Stridde M et al. | Clinical leech use in a microsurgical unit: The San Francisco experience | 1991 | Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis, 1991; 2: 189-192 | Surgery |
| Linker A, Hoffmann P & Meyer K | The Hyaluronidase of the leech: an endoglucuronidase | 1957 | Nature, 1957; 180: 810-811 | Saliva, Hyaluronidasis |
| Litscher M | Die Blutegeltherapie. Eine wiederentdeckte Therapie aus der traditionellen Medizin | 2001 | Volkskundliches Seminar. Uni Zürich 2001 | History |
| Litvinenko RO | Effect of medicinal leeches` endogenous biologically active substances on hosts blood cells | 2018 | St. Cloude University Minnesota, USA | Biology |
| Litwinowicz A & Blaszkowska J | Hirudo verbana is a source of fungal isolates potentially pathogenic to humans | 2013 | African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2013; 7 (47): 5358-5363 | Hirudo verbana, Pharmacovigilance, Mycosis |
| Litwinowicz A & Blaszkowska J | Preventing infective complications following leech therapy: Elimination of symbiotic Aeromonas spp. from the intestine of Hirudo verbana, using antibiotic feeding | 2014 | Surgical Infections, 2014; 15 (6): 757-762 | Pharmacovigilance, Aeromonas, Infections |
| Liu C & Barkley T | Medicinal leech therapy: New life for an ancient treatment | 2015 | Nursing, 2015; 45 (11): 25-30 | Review Article |
| Liu Z, Sun J, Kong D, Wang Y, Tong X, Cao Y, Bi X & Meng F | Insights into gut microbiota communities of Poecilobdella manillensis, a prevalent Asia medicinal leech | 2022 | Journal of Applied Microbiology 2022; 08 MAR 2022, prepubl. | Biology, Pharamcovigilance, Microbiome |
| Liu Z, Tong X, Su Y, Wang D, Su Y, Du X, Zhao F, Wang D & Zhao F | In-depth profiles of bioactive large molecules in saliva secretions of leeches determined by combining salivary gland proteome and transcriptome data | 2019 | Journal of Proteomics 2019; 200: 153-160 | Biology, Saliva |
| Lodders N, Roth M, Schilling L & Kämpfer P | Microbial diversity on the skin of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis: which bacteria can be found and how can the risk of infection be prevented? | 2010 | Tagungsband VAAM, Hannover 2010 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Loeser J, Layer B, Plata C, Perrar KM, Hucho T & Kulbida R | Hirudotherapy attenuates arthritic pain in patients with various chronic pain syndromes: A retrospective analysis | 2020 | Journal of Integrative Medicine 2020; 18 (5): 425-433 | Arthritis, Pain |
| Loewy AG, Santer UV, Wieczorek M et al.: | Purification and characterization of novel zinc-protease from cultures of Aeromonas hydrophila | 1993 | Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1993; 268: 9071-9078 | Aeromonas hydrophila |
| Lok U, Bozkurt S, Okur M, Gulack U & Hatipoglu S | A rare case of adverse effects caused by leech bite | 2013 | American Journal of Case reports, 2013 (14): 191-191 | Pharmacovigilance, Skin reactions |
| Lone AH, Ahmad T, Anwar M & Naiyar AH | Clinical evaluation of leech therapy in the management of osteoarthritis: A pilot study | 2013 | ASL-Musculoskeletal Diseases, 2013; 1 (1): 4-8 | Osteoarthritis |
| Lone AH, Ahmad T, Anwar M, Habib S, Sofi G & Imam H | Leech therapy – a holistic approach to treatment in Unani (Greek-Arab) medicine | 2011 | Ancient Science of Life, 2011; 31 (1): 31-35 | History, Review Article, Unani therapy |
| Lonikar S & Tathe B | Role of Jalaukavacharan (Leech therapy) in the management of deep vein thrombosis | 2019 | Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal 2019; 6 (2): 1-4 | Deep Vein Thrombosis |
| Lotz RGA, Fuchs MEA & Moyat PEA | Basic studies on Hirudo medicinalis for a space experiment | 1970 | Space Life Sciences 1970; 2: 40-44 | Biology |
| Lovibond ME | Hirudo medicinalis – a pharmacist ‘s view | 1987 | British Association of Leech Scientists, Leech Newsletter 2, 1987 | Review Article, Therapy |
| Lozano DD, Stephenson LL & Zamboni WA | Effect of hyperbaric oxygend and medical leeching on survival of axial skin flaps subjected to total venous occlusion | 1999 | Plastic and Reconstrucrive Surgery, 1999; 104 (4): 1029-1032 | Surgery, Pharmacology, Doppler Fluorimetry |
| Lu YX, Cheng BX, Guo QS, Liu F, Shi HZ & Guo L | Studies on effect of water temeperature, stocking density and feeding cycle on growth and feeding in Hirudo nipponica | 2017 | Zhonqquo Zhong Yav Za Zhi 2017; 42 (13): 2443-2448 | Biology |
| Lucht F, Aubert G, Seguin P, Tissot-Guerraz F & Relave M | Postoperative skin-flap decongestion , leeches, and Aeromonas hydrophila | 1988 | The Journal of Hospital Infection, 1988; 11 (1): 92-93 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Lüdtke R | Wirksamkeit der Blutegeltherapie bestätigt – mit Einschränkungen | 2006 | Forschende Komplementärmedizin, 2006; 15 (5): 291-292 | Review Article |
| Lukas P | Rekombinante Formen sekretorischer Proteine der Speicheldrüsen des medizinischen Blutegels und deren funktionelle Testung | 2020 | Dissertation Universität Greifswald; 27.11.2020 | Biology, Saliva |
| Lukas P, Wolf R, Rauch BH, Hildebrandt JP & Müller C | Hirudins of the Asian medicinal leech, Hirudinaria manillensis: Same, same, but different | 2019 | Parasitology Research 2019; online pub 11 June | Saliva, Hirudin, Biology |
| Ma CJ, Li X & Chen H | Research progress in the use of leeches for medical purposes | 2020 | Traditional Medicine Research 2020; online 18 FEB 2020 | Review Article |
| Macagno ER, Gaasterland T, Edsall L et al. | Construction of a medicinal leech transcriptome database and its application to the identification of leech homologs of neural and innate immune genes | 2010 | BioMed Central Genomics, 2010; 11:407-420 | Biology, Nervous System, Transcriptom Database |
| Macias D, Kwon DI, Walker PC & Peterson NR | Microvascular replantation of a composite facial avulsion in a 24-month-old child after dog bite | 2017 | Microsurgery 2017; Dec 12 (Epub ahead of print) | Surgery, Facial Avulsion |
| Mackay DR, Manders EK, Saggers CC, Banducci CR, Prinsloo J & Klugmann K | Aeromonas species isolated from medicinal leeches | 1999 | Annals of Plastic Surgery, 1999; 42 (3): 275-279 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Mackay-Dick J | Leech out of reach | 1970 | The Lancet 1970; 1 (679): 192 | Therapy |
| MacQuillan A, Jones ME & Gault D | Taking a leech to blood: But can we make him drink? | 2002 | British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2002; 55 (6): 540-541 | Surgery |
| Mader E | Zur Technik der Blutegelbehandlung | 1939 | Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1939; 86 (3): 118-119 | Therapy |
| Maetz B, Abbou R, Andreoletti JB & Bruant-Rodler C | Infections following rhe application of leeches: Two case reports and review of the literature | 2012 | Journal of Medical Case reports, 2012; 6: 364-368 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Aeromonas veronii biovar, Review Article |
| Mahaffey P | The use of leeches in reconstructive surgery | 1987 | British Medical Journal, 1987; 294: 1489 | Surgery, Review Article |
| Mahanta VD, Foram J, Dudhamal TS & Gupta SK | Jalaukavacharana (leech application) and adjuvant therapy in the management of infected wound | 2017 | Journal of Ayurveda Case Reports 2017; 1 (1): 13-17 | Wound Healing |
| Mahorner HR & Ochsner A | The use of leeches in the treatment of phlebitis and the prevention of pulmonary embolism | 1933 | Annals of Surgery, 1933; 98: 408-421 | Phlebitis, Embolism, Anticoagulation |
| Makin CA & Edwards L | Application of leeches to reduce swelling after reconstructive surgery | 1987 | British Journal of Urology, 1987; 59: 189 | Surgery, Haematoma, Swelling |
| Malavazi-Piza KC, Araujo MS, Godinho RO & Tanaka AS | Effect of invertebrate serine protease inhibitors on carrageenan-induced pleural and Bradykinin release | 2004 | International Immunopharmacology, 2004; 4 (10-11): 1401-1408 | Saliva, LDTI, Anti-Inflammation |
| Malek M, Jafrifar F, Aminjan AR, Saleki H & Parsa H | Culture of a new medicinal leech: Growth, survival and reproduction of Hirudo orientalisUtevsky and Trontelj, 2005 under laboratory conditions | 2019 | Journal of Natural History 2019; 53 (11-12): 627-637 | Breeding |
| Malek VG, Parvari S & Abbassian A | Low back treatments in traditional Iranian medicine | 2019 | Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International 2019; 27 (4): 1-9 | Therapy |
| Mali VA, Rakesh RN & Ramachandra KR | A clinical study of Jalaukavacharana in varicose eczema (Vicharchika) | 2018 | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medicine 2018; 3 (3): 27-55 | Varicose eczema |
| Maltz & Graf J | The type II secretion system is essential for erythrocyte lysis and gut colonizationb by the leech digestive tract symbiont Aeromonas veronii | 2011 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2011; 77 (2): 597-603 | Biology, Anticoagulation, Haemolysis, Aeromonas veronii |
| Maltz M, Bomar L, Lapierre P, Morrison HG, McClure EH, Sogin ML & Graf J | Metagenomic analysis of the medicinal leech gut microbiota | 2014 | Frontiers in Microbiology, 2014; 5: 1-12 | Biology, Germs, Genom Analysis |
| Malviya V, Golandaj VK, Saini A & Dadsena NK | Evaluation of leech therapy in salvage of congested flaps: A series of nine cases | 2021 | Indian Journal of Surgery 2021; in press | Surgery |
| Mamelak AJ, Jackson A, Nizamani R, Arnon O, Liegeois NJ, Redett RJ & Byrne PJ | Leech therapy in cutaneous surgery and disease | 2010 | Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 2010, 9 (3): 252-257 | Surgery, Saliva, Anticoagulation, Fluorimetry, D-Dimers, History, |
| Manadhar S, Chetti S, Shah S, Sah BP, Shilpakar S, Mishra S, Kandel D & Gupta PP | Living foreign body: Leech inside the nasal cavity causing epitaxis | 2015 | Health Renaissance 2015; 13 (2): 178-179 | Hirudiniasis |
| Manav M, Ceylan M & Büyükcapar HM | Investigation of reproductive efficiency, growth performance and survival of the southern medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820 fed with mammalian and poultry blood | 2019 | Animal Reproduction Science 2019; in press | Breeding |
| Mandegar HM | Localized treatment of chest pain is still common in rural areas | 2013 | Journal of Tehran University Heart Center, 2013; 8 (2): 119-120 | Pharmacovigilance, Cardiovascular System |
| Mangulabnan VD & Dasgupta RK | A rare case of pneumonia caused by leeches | 2016 | Chest 2016; 149 (4) | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Pneumonia |
| Manikandan B & Priya JR | Review on Attai Vidal (leech therapy) | 2018 | Siddha Papers 2018; 13 (1): 1-13 | Review Article, Ayiurveda |
| Manjare VR & Borse NV | A review article on Raktamokshan: A parasurgical procedure | 2018 | World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2018; 7 (16): 349-356 | Therapy, Review Article |
| Manju R, Riju A, Prashant GK & Diman KS | A persuasive in the management of Indralupta (Alopecia areata) with Ayurvedic approach | 2020 | International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 2020; 11 (3): 575-579 | Dermatology, Alopecia areata |
| Mann KH | Leeches (Hirudinea). Their structure, physiology, ecology and embryology | 1962 | Pergamon Press, Oxford 1962 | Biology |
| Mansoor SN, Anwar Z & Sheen SN | Reach the leech: An unusual cause of hematuria | 2016 | Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2016; 26 (2): 156-157 | Hirudiniasis, Haematuria |
| Manzke U & Winkler C | Amphibien als Wirt des medizinischen Blutegels (Hirudo medicinalis) - Literturauswertung und Aufruf zur Mitarbeit | 2012 | Schriftreihe RANA 2012; 13: 41-53 | Biology |
| Maraganore JM | Pre-clinical studies on hirulog: a potent and specific direct thrombin inhibitor | 1993 | Advances Experimental Medical Biology, 1993; 340: 227-236 | Hirulog, Leech Ointment |
| Marco SD, Fendrich G, Knecht R et al. | Recombinant hirustasin: Production in yeast, crystallization, and interaction with serine protease | 1997 | Protein Science, 1997; 6: 109-118 | Hirustasin recombinant |
| Marden JN, McClure EA, Beka L & Graf J | Host matters: Medicinal leech digestive-tract symbionts and their pathogenic potential | 2016 | Frontiers in Microbiology 2016; 5: 1569 | Review, Infections, Microbiology, Aeromonas |
| Marki WE, Wallis RB | The anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties of hirudins | 1990 | Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 1990; 64 (3): 344-348 | Anticoagulation, Hirudin |
| Markwardt F | Die Isolierung und chemische Charakterisierung des Hirudins | 1957 | Hoppe Seylers Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie, 1957 (308): 147-156 | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Markwardt F | Pharmacology of Hirudin: One hundred years after the first report of the anticoagulant agent in medicinal leeches | 1985 | Biomedica Biochemica Acta, 1985; 44: 1007-1013 | Hirudin, Pharmacology |
| Markwardt F | Hirudin als Antikoagulans: ein Comeback | 1989 | Die Gelben Hefte XXIX, 1989: 163-170 | Hirudin |
| Markwardt F | Past, presence and future of Hirudin | 1991 | Haemostasis, 1991; 21(Suppl 1): 11-26 | Saliva, Hirudin, Hirudin recombinant |
| Markwardt F | The comeback of hirudin as antithrombotic agent | 1991 | Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 1991; 17 (2): 79-82 | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Markwardt F | Coagulation inhibitors from blood sucking animals | 1994 | Pharmazie, 1994; 49: 313-316 | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Markwardt F | The development of hirudin as an antithrombotic drug | 1994 | Thrombosis Research, 1994; 43: 1-23 | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Markwardt F | Hirudin: The promising antithrombotic | 1992 | Cardiovascular Drug Review, 1992; 10: 211-232 | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Markwardt F & Hunsaker R | Controlling the medicinal leech | 1989 | British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 1989; 42: 116 | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Markwardt F | Hirudo | 1998 | In : Hagers Handbuch der pharmazeutischen Praxis, Folgeband 2, Drogen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg 1998: 853-857 | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Markwardt F, Fink E, Kaiser B, et al.:. | Pharmacological survey of recombinant hirudin | 1988 | Pharmazie, 1988; 43: 202-207 | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Markwardt F, Hauptmann J & Nowak G | Pharmacological studies on the antithrombotic action of Hirudin in experimental animals | 1982 | Thrombosis Haemostasis , 1982; 47 (3): 226-229 | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Markwardt F, Nowak G & Stürzebecher J | Clinical pharmacology of recombinant hirudin | 1991 | Haemostasis, 1991; 21 (suppl 1): 133-136 | Hirudin recombinant, Clinical Pharmacology |
| Markwardt F, Nowak G, Stürzebecher J et al. | Pharmacokinetics and anticoagulant effects of hirudin | 1984 | Thrombosis Haemostasis, 1984; 52: 160-163 | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Markwardt F, Schäfer G, Töpfer H & Walsmann P | Die Isolierung des Hirudins aus medizinischen Blutegeln | 1967 | Pharmazie, 1967; 22 (5): 239-241 | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Markwardt F, Stürzebecher J & Gluson E | Antithrombin effects of native and recombinant hirudins | 1990 | Biomed Biochim Acta, 1990; 49 (5): 399-404 | Hirudin |
| Marrone F & Canale DE | Occurrence, distribution and bibliography of the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana Carena 1820 (Hirudinea, Hirudinidae) in Sicily (Italy)) | 2019 | The Journal of Integrative Biogeography 2019; 34: 33-38 | Biology, Demography |
| Marsden NJ, Kyle A, Jessop ZM, Whitaker IS & Laing H | Long-term outcomes of microsurgical nasal replantation: Review of the literature and illustrated 10-year follow-up of a pediatric case with full sensory recovery | 2015 | Frontiers in Surgery, 2015; 2 : 6 publ online | Surgery |
| Marshall CG & Lent CM | Excitability and secretory activity in the salivary gland cells of jaed leeches (Hirudinea: Gnathobdellida) | 1988 | Journal of Experimental Biology, 1988; 137: 89-105 | Saliva, Serotonin |
| Martin DL & Hunsaker R | Controlling the medicinal leech | 1989 | British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 1989; 42: 119-124 | Surgery |
| Martin ET | Zur Geschichte des Hirudins – Die Entwicklung des blutgerinnungshemmenden Wirkstoffes des medizinischen Blutegels, Hirudo medicinalis, vom einfachen Blutegelextrakt 1884 bis zum gentechnisch produzierten Medikament | 1998 | Dissertation, Bochum 1998 | History, Hirudin |
| Martin GM, Linnell JD, Yang SS, Lin J, Camarata PJ & Andrews BT | Ultrasound localization of a tunneled leech beneath a microvascular scalp reconstruction | 2013 | Microsurgery, 2013; 33: 572-574 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Procedure |
| Marty I, Peclat V, Kirdaite G, Salvi R, So A & Busso B | Amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis by thrombin inhibition | 2001 | Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2001; 107: 631-640 | Osteoarthritis, Hirudin, Pharmacology |
| Massart D, Sohawon S & Noordally O | Medicinal leeches | 2009 | Rev Med Brux, 2009; 30 (5): 533-536 | Review Article, Biology, Therapy, History |
| Masters MC, Gupta AR, Rhodes NJ, Flaherty JP, Zembouwer TR, Alghoul M & Krueger KM. | Multidrug resistant Aeromonas infection following medical leech therapy: A case report and development of a joint antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention protocol | 2020 | Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance 2020; 23: 349-351 | Surgery, Antibiotics Resistance. Protocol |
| May W | Letter to the editor (Comment on "The effectiveness of leech therapy in chronic low back pain; Hohmann et al. 2018) | 2019 | Deutsches Ärzteblatt 2019; 116 (15): 268 | Low Back Pain |
| McClintock J | When modern medicine needs some help, surgeons call in mother nature‘s little helper-the leech | 2001 | http://lea.univ-lille.fr./Menu_du_Site/leeches.pdf | Review Article |
| McCracken JA, Koehler SM & Sharma R | Rethinking antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients receiving medicinal leech therapy | 2021 | American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 2021; in press | Surgery, Prophylaxis |
| McPhalen CA, Schnebli HP & James MN | Crystal and molecular structure of the inhibitor eglin from leeches in complex with subtilisin Carlsberg | 1985 | FEBS Letters, 1985; 188 (1): 55-58 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Medina A & Tredget E | Strategies to increase flap survival in nasal reconstruction in patients with deep panfacial burns | 2013 | Journal of Burn Care & Research, 2013; 34 (1): 42-47 | Surgery, Dermatology, Burns |
| Medina ND, Mehan V & Schmidt ST | Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia leading to flap failure: Hirudo medicinalis and implications | 2010 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2010; 125 (5): 217 (e)-219(e) | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, HIT, Heparin |
| Menage MJ & Wright G | Use of leeches in case of severe perorbital haematoma | 1991 | British Journal of Ophthalmology, 1991; 75 (12): 755-756 | Ophthalmology, Haematoma |
| Mendenhall SD, Sawyer JD & Adkinson JM | Artery-only ear replantation in a child: A case report with daily photographic documentation | 2016 | Eplasty 2016; 16: e39 | Surgery, Ear Replantation |
| Mentes BB, Leventoglu S, Osmanov I, Kösehan D & Erol T | Anal abscess due to leech therapy of hemorrhoids: Mumbo jumbo is still in vogue | 2019 | Journal of Surgical Case Reports 2019: 7: 1-3 | Pharmacovigilance, Haemorrhoids |
| Mercer NSG, Beere DM, Bornemisza AJ & Thomas P | Medical leeches as sources of wound infection | 1987 | British Medical Journal, 1987; 294: 937 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Merilä J & Sterner M | Medicinal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) attacking and killing adult amphibians | 2002 | Annals Zool Fennici, 2002; 39: 343-346 | Biology, Leeches |
| Mesce K, Alania M, Gaudry Q & Puhl JG | The stomatogastric nervous system of the medicinal leech: Its anatomy, physiology and associated aminergic neurons | 2018 | Journal of Experimental Biology 2018; jeb.175687 | Biology |
| Meyer O | Ein neues Behandlungsprinzip der idiopathischen Trigeminusneuralgie | 1938 | Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1938; 85 (22): 827-828 | Neurology, Trigeminus |
| Meyer O | New principle in treatment of poliomyelitis: application of leeches over inflamed jugular vein | 1944 | International Bulletin Medical Research Public Hygiene, 1944: 5-9 | Anti-Inflammation, Phlebitis |
| Meyer, E | Die Blutegelbehandlung von Thrombosen und Thrombophlebitiden | 1935 | Therapie der Gegenwart, 1935; 76: 18-20 | Thrombosis, Thrombophlebitis |
| Michael JWP, Schlüter-Brust KU & Eysel P | The epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoarthrosis of the knee | 2010 | Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 2010; 107 (9): 152-162 | Osteoarthritis, Review Article |
| Michalsen A | Summaries for patients. Leeches to treat knee osteoarthritis | 2003 | Annals of Internal Medicine, 2003; 139 (9): 122 | Review Article, Osteoarthritis |
| Michalsen A | Blutegel | 2005 | Natur und Medizin. Kompass Komplementärmedizin FEB 2005;M 33: 1-4 | Review Article, Osteoarthritis |
| Michalsen A | Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen der Blutegeltherapie.. | 2006 | In: Michalsen A, Roth M: Blutegeltherapie. Haug, Stuttgart 2006: 80-92 | Review Article |
| Michalsen A | Blutegeltherapie bei chronischen Rückenschmerzen | 2009 | Zeitschrift für Komplementärmedizin, 2009; 2: 1-3 | Orthopaedics |
| Michalsen A | Correspondence Letter to the Editor: Current State of Research | 2010 | Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 2010; 107 (34-35): 604 | Orthopaedics, Osteoarthritis |
| Michalsen A | Blutegel in der Therapie | 2014 | Zeitschrift für Komplementärmedizin, 2014; 1: 10-16 | Review Article, Therapy |
| Michalsen A | Letter to the editor (Reply to the comments on "The effectiveness of leech therapy in chronic low back pain; Hohmann et al. 2018) | 2019 | Deutsches Ärzteblatt 2019; 116 (15): 268-269 | Low Back Pain |
| Michalsen A | Unerwünschte Wirkungen der Blutegeltherapie.. | 2006 | In: Michalsen A, Roth M: Blutegeltherapie. Haug, Stuttgart 2006: 105-110 | Review Article, Pharmacovigilance |
| Michalsen A & Hohmann CD | Blutegeltherapie bei chronischen unteren Rückenschmerzen (LWS Syndrom) | 2017 | Berlin Charité 2017 | Low Back Pain |
| Michalsen A & Roth M | Blutegeltherapie | 2006 | Haug, Stuttgart 2006 | Handbook |
| Michalsen A, Deuse U, Esch T,Dobos G & Moebus S | Effect of leeches therapy (Hirudo medicinalis) in painful osteoarthritis of the knee: a pilot study | 2001 | Annals of Rheumatic Diseases, 2001; 60: 986 | Osteoarthritis |
| Michalsen A, Klotz S, Lüdtke R, Moebus S, Spahn G & Dobos GJ | Effectiveness of leech therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial | 2003 | Annals of Internal Medicine, 2003; 139 (9): 724-730 | Osteoarthritis |
| Michalsen A, Lüdtke R, Cesur Ö, Afra D, Musial F, Bäcker M, Fink M & Dobos GJ | Effectiveness of leech therapy in women with symptomatic rhizarthrosis of the first carpometacarpal joint: A randomized controlled trial. | 2008 | Pain, 2008; 137: 452-459 | Osteoarthritis |
| Michalsen A, Moebus S, Spahn G, Esch T, Langhorst J & Dobos GJ | Leech therapy for symptomatic treatment of knee osteoarthritis: results and implications of a pilot study | 2002 | Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 2002; 8 (5): 84-88 | Osteoarthritis |
| Michalsen A, Roth M & Dobos G | Medicinal leech therapy | 2007 | Thieme, Stuttgart 2007 | Handbook |
| Michel S, Jork N, Rockmann C, Grohme, M, Franke P, Menzel D & Frohme M | Charakterisierung des mikrobiellen Symbioms von Blutegeln | 2013 | TH Wildau, Wissenschaftliche Beiträge 2013: 8-12 | Biology, Aeromonas |
| Milbradt W | Über die Verwendung der entzündungshemmenden Eigenschaft der Blutegel zur Behandlung von Hautkrankheiten | 1936 | Dermatologische Wochenschrift, 1936; 103: 1057-1060 | Dermatology, Anti-Inflammation |
| Milde H, Clauss W & Weber WM | Modulation of Na+ transport across leech skin by pesticides and heavy metals | 1996 | Experimental Biology Online, 1996; 1: 8 | Biology |
| Milz F | Blutegeltherapie | 1993 | Praxisleitfaden Naturheilkunde, 1993: 61 ff | Therapy |
| Mineo M, Jolley T & Rodriguez G | Leech therapy in penile replantation: a case of recurrent penile self-amputation | 2004 | Urology, 2004; 63 (5): 981-983 | Surgery, Urology |
| Minkin BI | Leeches in modern medicine | 1998 | Carolina Biological Supply Company | Surgery |
| Mironov B & Desponov B | Treatment of myocardial infarct by leeches | 1996 | Folia Med, 1996; 8 (5): 273-277 | Cardio-Vascular System |
| Misell LH, Shaw BK & Kristan WB | Behavioral hierarchy in the medicinal leech; Hirudo medicinalis: feeding as a dominant behavior | 1998 | Behavior and Brain Research, 1998; 90 (1): 13-21 | Hirudo medicinalis, Biology, Breeding, Artificial Blood |
| Mishra DP | Jalauka-Awacharan (application of leech) for the management of pain in Dusta Vrana (Non-healing ulcer) | 2015 | International Ayurveda Medical Journal, 2015; 3 (2): 417-422 | Dermatology, Ulcer |
| Mittl PRE, Di Marco S, Fendrich G, et al. | A new structural class of serine protease inhibitors revealed by the structure of the hirustasin-kallikrein complex | 1997 | Structure, 1997; 5: 253-264. | Saliva, Hirustasin |
| Miyao I | Experimental inquiry into the possibility of transmission of yaws by leeches | 1932 | Philipippine Journal of Science , 1932; 47: 463 | Leech |
| Mo JL,, Long CL, Shi W, Chen JY & Xie YX | A review of the prescription containing Hirudo for diabetic nephropathy | 2021 | Drug Combination Therapy 2021; 3 (1): 1-10 | Hirudo, Shuizhi, Chinese Medicine, Diabetic Nephropathy |
| Mobeen A, Ahmad A, Quamri MA & Ansari AN | Clinical efficacy of medicinal leech therapy in treating third- and fourth-degree hemorrhoids | 2021 | Journal of Coloproctology 2021; 41 (02): 125-130 | Dermatology, Haemorrhoids |
| Modig M | The strange loire of leeches | 1986 | Pharmaceutical History, 1986; 28: 99-102 | History |
| Moebius PG | Wann und wie der Blutegelbehandlung | 1935 | Zeitschrift für ärztliche Fortbildung, 1935; 32: 687-688 | Therapy |
| Mokhtar K, Culnan DM & Lieaweaver WC | Evolving antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas species in finger replantation | 2020 | Surgical infections 2020; 21 (2): 158-160 | Surgery, Microbiology, Antibiotic Resistance |
| Mommsen J, Rodriguez-Fernandez J & Mateos-Micas M | Avulsion of the auricle in an anticoagulated patient: Is leeching contraindicated? A review and a case | 2011 | Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction, 2011; 4 (2): 61-68 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Warfarin |
| Montinari MR & Minelli S | From ancient leech to direct thrombin inhibitors and beyond: New from old | 2022 | Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2022; 149: 112878 | History, Anticoagulants |
| Moosavian HR, Mirglazanfari SM & Moghaddam KG | Effect of ischemia preconditioning and leech therapy on cutaneous pedicle flaps subjected to prolonged ischemia in a mouse model | 2014 | Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery, 2014; 38: 1024-1029 | Surgery, Pharmacology |
| Moran MJ, Montesdeoca N, Burgueno M, Garcia L & Martorell V | Rescate con sanguijuelas de un injerto libre latewral del muslo | 2003 | Revista Espanola de Cirurgia Oral y Maxilofacial 2003; 25 (5): 304-308 | Surgery |
| Morkel C | Untersuchung einer Blutegelzuchtanlage unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ökologischer Aspekte sowie der Populationsbiologie des medizinischen Blutegels Hirudo medicinalis | 1995 | JLU Gießen | Biology |
| Morozova SV & Aksenova OV | Die Hirudotherapie bei der Behandlung peripherer cochleovestibulärer Erkrankungen vaskulärer Genese | 2009 | Vestnik Otorinolaryngologii 2009; 4:51-53. Übersetzung FEB 2010 | Tinnitus, Vertigo |
| Mortenson BW, Dawson KH & Murakami C | Medicinal leeches used to salvage a traumatic nasal flap | 1998 | British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1998; 36 (6): 462-464 | Surgery |
| Mory RN, Mindell D & Bloom DA | The leech and the physician: Biology, etymology, and medical practice with Hirudo medicinalis | 2000 | World Journal of Surgery, 2000; 24: 878-883 | Review Article, History, Biology, Therapy |
| Moser C & Moser K | So hilft Ihnen die Blutegeltherapie | 2002 | Haug, Stuttgart | Review Article |
| Moser M, Auerswald E, Mentele R, Echershorn C, Fritz H & Fink E | Bdellastasin, a serine protease inhibitor of the antistasin family from the medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) | 1998 | European Journal of Biochemistry, 1998; 253: 212-220 | Protease-Inhibitor, Bdellins, Bdellastasin,Bdellin A recombinant |
| Moslehi MA, Imanieh MH & Adib A | Bronchial leech infestation in a 15-year-old female | 2016 | Case Reports in Pediatrics 2016; Article ID 2372686: 1-4 | Hirudiniasis |
| Motilal R, Rashmi M & Kumar SA | Concept of Jalaukavacharana (leech application) in Ayurveda | 2013 | International Journal of Applied Ayurveda Research 2013; 1 (1): 1-6 | Biology, Ayurveda |
| Mousa A, Keefe DT, Wong K, Davidge K, Lorenzo AJ & dos Santos J | Leeches and caudal analgesia after replantation for glans amputation during neonatal circumcision | 2022 | Urology 2022; July: e32-e35 | Surgery |
| Mousavi SA, Ghazemi M, Mousavi SJ, Darka SSM & Baghari V | Comparison of leeching and heparin therapy in management of acute venous congestion of limbs in rats | 2016 | Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research 2016; 2 (3): 25-30 | Pharmacology, Venous Congestion, Inflammation, Heparin |
| Mousavian A, Sabzevari S, Parsazad S & Moosavian H | Leech therapy protects free flaps against venous congestion, thrombus formation, and ischemia/reperfusion injury: Benefits, complications, and contraindications | 2022 | The Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery 2022; 10 (3): 252-260 | Surgery, Review Article |
| Mozafari N, Ghazisaidi MR, Hosseini SN & Abdolzadeh M | Comparisons of medicinal leech therapy with venous catherzation in the treatment of venous congestion of the sural flap | 2011 | Microsurgery, 2011; 31 (1): 36-40 | Surgery |
| MPI (MAX PLANCK INSTITUT) für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie | Hintergrundinformationen zum Apyrase-Versuch. MPI 2007. | 2007 | MPI Information, Potsdam 2007 | Saliva, Apyrase |
| Mulder JB | Leeches and leeching: The magic cure | 1989 | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1989; 194: 1402-1403 | Veterinary Medicine |
| Mule C, Chandankhede A & Mule KC | Hirudotherapy (Jaluakavacharana) in Netraroga according to Sushrutha: A review | 2016 | International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 2016; 4 (11): 3432-3435 | Ayurveda; Review Article |
| Müller C, Haase M, Lemke S & Hildebrandt JP | Hirudin and hirudin-like factors in Hirudinidae: Implication for function and phylogenetic relationships | 2017 | Parasitology Research 2017; 116 (1): 313-325 | Hirudin, Saliva, Biology |
| Müller C, Lukas P, Lemke S & Hildebrandt JP | Hirudin and decorsins of the North American medicinal leech Macrobdella Decora: Gene structure reveals homology to Hirudins and Hirudin-like faktors of Eurasian medicinal leeches | 2019 | Journal of Parasitology 2019; 105 (3): 423-431 | Saliva, Hirudin, Biology |
| Müller C, Lukas P, Sponholz D & Hildebrandt JP | The hirudin-like factors HLF3 and HLF4 - hidden hirudins of European medicinal leeches | 2020 | Parasitology Research 2020; online 04 May 2020 | Anticoagulation, Hirudin |
| Müller C, Mescke K, Liebig S, Mahfoud H, Lemke S & Hildebrandt JP | More than just one: Multiplicity of Hirudins and Hirudin-like factors in the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis | 2016 | Molecular Genetics and Genomics 2016; 29: 227-240 | Saliva, Hirudin, Biology |
| Müller IW | Blutegeltherapie im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert | 1985 | Wolfenbüttel 1985 | History |
| Müller IW | Die Anfänge der Blutegeltherapie | 1986 | Wolfenbüttel 1986 | History |
| Müller IW | Handbuch der Blutegeltherapie | 2000 | Stuttgart 2000 | Handbook |
| Müller IW | Blutegeltherapie zwischen Empirie und Wissenschaft | 2002 | Erfahrungsheilkunde, 2002: 462-471 | Review Article, Therapy, History |
| Müller M | Pilotstudie zur Messung der mechanischen Berührungs-, Druckschmerz- und Vibrationsempfindungsschwelle bei Therapie der Gonarthrose mit Hirudo medicinalis | 2016 | Dissertation, Marburg 2016 | Knee Osteoarthritis, Sensory Threshold |
| Müller T, Voiss P, Klose P, Dobos G & Kümmel S | Blutegeltherapie bei venöser Stauung im Nippel-Areola-Komplex nach brusterhaltender Therapie bei einer Patientin mit Mammakarzinom | 2011 | Deutsche Zeitschrift für Onkologie, 2011; 41: 122-125 | Surgery |
| Mumcuoglu KY | Recommendations for the use of leeches in reconstructive plastic surgery | 2014 | Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014; 2: 1-7 | Surgery, Procedure, Pharmacovigilance, Antibiotics |
| Mumcuoglu KY, Huberman L, Cohen R Temper V, Adler A, Galun R & Block C | Elimination of symbiotic Aeromonas spp. from the intestinal tract of medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, using ciprofloxazin feeding | 2010 | European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2010; 16 (6): 563-567 | Hirudo medicinalis, Aeromonas hydrophila, Infections |
| Mumcuoglu KY, Pidhorz C, Cohen R, Ofek A & Lipton HA | The use oft he medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, in the reconstructive plastic surgery | 2007 | The Internet Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2007; 4 (2): 1-20 | Surgery |
| Munro F, Hechtel FOP & Sawyer RT | Sustained bleeding after a leech bite in the apparent absence of hirudin | 1989 | Thrombosis Haemostasis, 1989; 61: 366-369 | Pharmacovigilance, Bleeding, Saliva, Hirudin, Pharmacology |
| Munro R, Jones CP & Sawyer RT | Calin – a platelet adhesion inhibitor from the saliva of the medicinal leech | 1991 | Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis, 1991; 2 (1): 179-184 | Saliva, Calin |
| Munshi Y, Ara I, Rafique H & Ahmad Z | Leeching in the history – a review | 2008 | Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2008; 11 (13): 1650-1653 | History |
| Munshi Y, Yousuf M, Iqbal M & Ara I | Leeching in traditional practice in Kashmir | 2002 | Journal of Research and Development 2002; 2: 137-143 | Review Article |
| Murken H | Der Blutegel (Hirudo medicinalis) als Helfer des kranken Menschen | 2002 | Heilpraktiker und Volksheilkunde, 2002; 3: 16-18 | Therapy |
| Murzakhmetova S, Janzakova D & Mektepbayeva D | Anticancer effects of leech extract on breast cancer cells | 2016 | 4th International Scientific Conference "Regenerative Medicine & Healthy Aging", Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan 2016 | Breast Cancer, Lung Cancer, Pharmacology |
| Mustafa SE | Medical leech therapy (Hirudotherapy) benefits and side effects | 2023 | Bachelor Thesis. Erbil Kurdistan | Review |
| Mutimer KL, Banis JC & Upton J | Microsurgical reattachment of totally amputated ears | 1987 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1987; 79: 535-540 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance |
| Na HJ | The effects of live leech (Hirudo medicinalis) therapy on diabetic foot: A clinical case report | 2003 | Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine 2003; 4: 136-138 | Wound Healing, Diabetic Foot |
| Nagler M & Wuillemin W | Leeching as a substitute for phlebotomy | 2011 | British Journal of Haematology, 2011; 153 (4): 420 | Venesection |
| Naik MT & Wasnik SV | A review on therapeutic indications of Jalaukavacharan (medicinal leech therapy) | 2022 | GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2022; 19 (3): 1-7 | Review Article |
| Nair HKR, Ahmad NW, Lee HL, Ahmad N, Otham S, Husnie NS, Mokhtar M & Chong DDY | Hirudotherapy in wound healing | 2020 | The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds 2020, online AUG 2020 | Wound Healing |
| Nair V, Das KP & Saha N | Hirudotherapy: Will the glorious past return? | 2017 | Journal of Medicine and Health Research 2017; 2 (3): 97-105 | Review Article |
| Najar FA, Khan JA, Fatima M, Ahmad K & Fasial M | Efficacy of Taleeq (Leech therapy) in the management of Bawaseer (Haemorrhoid): A case series | 2016 | Research and Reviews: A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy 2016; 3 (1): 5-8 | Haemorrhoids |
| Najjari M, Solgi R & Kareshk AT | Cellulitis caused by Hirudo orientalis bites that lead to an allergic reaction | 2022 | Hindawi Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2022; Article ID 5493057 | Cellulitis, Allergic Reaction, Pharmacovigilance |
| Narayanan K, Walenga JM, Liang MD & Fareed J | Recombinant hirudin: Initial observations in reconstructive microsurgery | 1991 | Haemostasis 1991; 21: 168-171 | Saliva, Hirudin, Surgery, Anticoagulation |
| Narendrathan M | Leeches and hepatitis B | 1992 | The Lancet 1992; 339: 1362 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Narine A & Mangal G | An in-depth review of Raktamokshana (Bloodletting) therapy | 2022 | International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 2022; publ. Online February 2022 | Review Article, Ayurveda |
| Nath RK, Kraemer BA & Azizzadeh A | Complete ear replantation without venous anastomosis | 1998 | Microsurgery, 1998; 18: 282-285 | Surgery, Alternative to leeches |
| Nayak S & Kumar PH | A scientific appraisal on hirudotherapy - An evolution in life style disorders | 2015 | International Journal of Pharmacological Research 2015; 5 (10): 217-221 | Ayurveda |
| Nayak S & Kumar PH | Effect of jalaukavacharana along with samshamanan chirkitsa in ek-kushta with special reference to psoriasis: A case study | 2016 | International Ayurvedic Medical Journal, 2016; 4 (10): 3247-3250 | Psoriasis, Ayurveda |
| Nazar PS & Doroshenko BH | The leech therapy of infectious myocarditis | 1998 | Likars’ka sprava, 1998; 6: 146-148 | Cardio-Vascular System |
| Nebel C | Erfahrungen mit der Behandlung des Herpes zoster | 1959 | Hippokrates, 1959; 30: 789-791 | Dermatology, Shingles |
| Nebrass F, Naji HZ & Azeez SMA | Leeches Review: Biology, ecology and medical important | 2019 | Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 2019; 10 (10): 2586-2590 | Review |
| Neelofer C, Khan KZ & Sherani FS | Leech therapy in non-healing ulcer - A case study | 2018 | International Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research 2018; 3 (6): 63-74 | Wound Healing, Ulcer. BUERGER`S Disease |
| Nehili M, Ilk C, Mehlhorn H, Ruhnau K, Dick W & Njayou M | Experiments on the possible role of leeches as vectors of animal and humans pathogens; a light and electron microscopy study | 1994 | Parasitology Research, 1994; 80: 277-290 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Bacteria, Viruses |
| Nelson MC & Graf J | Bacterial symbioses of the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana | 2012 | Gut Microbes, 2012; 3 (4): 1-10 | Aeromonas hydrophila |
| Nelson MC, Bomar L & Graf J | Complete genome sequence of the novel symbiont Mucinivorans hirudinis M3 | 2015 | Genome Announcements, 2015; 3 (1): 1-2 | Biology, Infections |
| Nelson MC, Bomar L, Maltz M & Graf J | Mucinivorans hirudinis gen. Nov., sp. Nov., an anaerobic mucin-degrading bacterium isolated from the digestive tract of the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana | 2015 | International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2015; 65: 990-995 | Biology, Infections |
| Nesemann H | Egel und Krebsegel Österreichs | 1997 | Erste Vorarlberger Malakologische Gesellschaft, 1997 | Biology |
| Nesemann H | Annelida; Brachiobdellina; Acanthobdellea, Hirudinea | 1999 | In: Schwoerbel J, Zwick P, Süßwasserfauna von Mitteleuropa, Spektrum,; Heidelberg Berlin 1999: 94-104 | Taxonomy, Hirudo medicinalis |
| Nett CS, Arnold P & Claus TM | Leeching as initial treatment in a cat with polycythaemia vera | 2001 | Journal of Small Animal Practice, 2001; 42 (11): 554-556 | Veterinary Medicine, Polycythaemia vera |
| Neupane S, Modry D, Pafko B & Zurek L | Bacterial community of the digestive tract of the European medicinal leech (Hirudo verbana) from the Danube river | 2019 | Microbial Ecology 2019; 77 (4): 1082-1090 | Biology, Bacteria, Aeromonas, Pharmacovigilance |
| Newadkar RD & Newadkar UR | Leech as a lifeboat: Reminiscent role in plastic and reconstructive surgery | 2019 | Journal of Ophthalmic Science and Research 2019; 57: 55-59 | Surgery, Review Article |
| Ng A | Hirudotherapy: A guide to using leeches to drain blood from tissue | 2017 | Pharmaceutical Journal 2017; 12: 17 | Review, Procedure, Surgery |
| Nguyen MQ, Crosby MA, Skoracki RJ & Hanasono MM | Outcomes of flap salvage with medicinal leech therapy | 2012 | Microsurgery, 2012; 32 (5): 351-357 | Surgery |
| Nguyen S, Zamora S & Rockwell WB | Clinical use of leeches in reconstructive surgery | 1997 | The American Journal of Orthopedics, 1997 : 528-532 | Surgery, Review Article |
| Nickl H | Über die Wirkungen der Blutegeltherapie auf die Gerinnung im peripheren Kreislauf bei lokaler Applikation | 1953 | Dissertation, München 1953 | Anticoagulation, Cardiovascular System |
| Nikitina A, Babenko V, Akopian T, Shirokov D, Manuvera V, Kurdyumov A, Kostsyukova E & Vassili L | Draft mitochondrial genomes of Hirudo medicinalis and Hirudo verbana (Annelida Hirudinea) | 2016 | Mitochondrial DNA, Resources Part B 2016: 1-3 | Biology, Genom Analysis |
| Nikonov GI & Baskova IP: | Antithrombotic effect of the preparations from the leeches Hirudo medicinalis | 1988 | Folia Haematol, 1988; 115 (1-2): 47-51 | Saliva, Anticoagulation, Pharmacology |
| Nikonov GI & Titova EA | Destabilase complexes – natural liposome produced by medicinal leeches Hirudo medicinalis | 1999 | Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, 1999; 13 (1): 102-106 | Saliva, Destabilase |
| Nikonov GI, Seleznev KG, Gutsola AA et al.: | The anti-stress properties of TONUS and RELAX derived from medicinal leech | 2007 | International Biotherapy Society, Jerusalem 2007 | Saliva,Piyavit, Psychiatry, Cosmetics, Leech Ointment |
| Nikonov GI, SeleznevKG, Titoval YA et al. | Application of HIRUDON gel in plastic surgery | 2007 | International Biotherapy Society, Jerusalem 2007 | Piyavit, Surgery, Dermatology, Haematoma, Anti-Inflammation, Leech Ointment |
| Nikonov GI, Titova EA & Seleznev KG | A stable prostacylin-like substance produced by the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis | 1999 | Prostaglandins & other Lipid Mediators, 1999; 58: 1-7 | Saliva, Proteins, Prostaglandins |
| Nikonov GI, Titova EA & Seleznev KG | Biological activity and pharmacological properties of anticoagulant complex (Hirudin, plasma kallikrein inhibitor, prostaglandin) from Hirudo medicinalis | 1999 | Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1999; 128 (6): 1244-1247 | Saliva, Piyavit, Leech Ointment, Anticoagulation, Pharmacology |
| Nikonov GI, Titova EA & Seleznev KG | Biological activity and pharmacological properties of anticoagulant complex (Hirudin, plasma kallikrein inhibitor, prostaglandin) from Hirudo medicinalis | 1999 | Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1999; 128 (12): 673-676 | Saliva, Hirudon, Hirudin, Prostaglandins Anticoagulation |
| Nilius M | Blutegel in der Zahnmedizin | 2020 | Naturheilkunde 2020; 22 (1): 8-9 | Dentistry |
| Nitabach MN & Macagno ER | Cell- and tissue-specific expression of putative protein kinase mRNAs in the embryonic leech Hirudo medicinalis | 1995 | Cell & Tissue Research, 1995; 280: 479-489 | Biology, Proteins |
| Nizamand R & Ansari MS | Lech therapy in varicose vein | 2020 | International Journal of Unani and Integrative Medicine 2020; 4 (3): 92-94 | Dermatology, Varicosis |
| Nocker W & Diebschlag W | Einfluss einer lokalen Blutegelwirkstoffapplikation auf Schwellungen und Schmerzen bei Sprunggelenksdistorsionen | 1987 | Therapiewoche, 1987; 37: 3499-3505 | Orthopaedics, Sports Medicine, Contusion, Distorsion, Exhirud |
| Nolte A | Therapie mit Blutegeln | 1997 | Heilberufe, 1997; 49 (12): 25 | Therapy |
| Nonomura H, Kato N, Ohno Y, Itokazu M, Matsunaga T & Watanabe K | Indigenous bacterial flora of medicinal leeches and their susceptibilities to 15 antimicrobial agents | 1996 | Journal of medical microbiology, 1996; 45 (6): 490-493 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Northcutt AJ, Fischer EK, Puhl JG, Mesce KA & Schulz DJ | An annotated CNS transcriptome of the medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana: De novo sequencing to characterize genes associated with nervous system activity | 2018 | PLOS ONE, 20 JUL 2018 | Biology, Neuroscience |
| Nouri M, Karimi-Yarandi K, Etezadi F & Amirjamshidi A | Leech therapy for pain relief: Rationale behind a notion | 2012 | Surgical Neurology International, 2012; 3: 159-160 | Orthopaedics, Lumbago, Sciatica, Pain Therapy |
| Novakovic D, Patel RS, Goldstein DP & Gullane PJ | Salvage of failed free flaps used in head and neck reconstruction | 2009 | Head and Neck Oncology, 2009; 1: 33 | Surgery, Review Article |
| Nowak G & Schrör K | Hirudin-the long and stony way from an anticoagulant peptide in the saliva of medicinal leech to a recombinant drug and beyond | 2007 | Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2007; 98: 116- 119 | Saliva, Hirudin |
| Nowicki A, Jaworska J & Baranski W | Leech therapy in the treatment of a penile hematoma in a stallion | 2020 | Veterinarni Medicina 2021; 66: 1-6 | Veterinary Medicine, Haematoma, Horse |
| Nutt EM, Jain D, Lenny AB et al. | Purification and characterization of recombinant antistasin: a leech derived inhibitor of coagulation factor X a | 1991 | Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 1991; 285 (1): 37-44 | Saliva, Faktor X a-Inhibitor, Antistasin |
| Nyholm SV & Graf J | Knowing your friends: Invertebrate innate immunity fosters beneficial bacterial symbiosis | 2012 | Microbiology Nature Reviews, 2012; 10: 815-827 | Bacteria, Immune System |
| O`Dempsey T | Leeches - the good, the bad and the wiggly | 2012 | Paediatrics and International Child health 2012, 32 (2): 16-20 | Review |
| O‘Hara M | Leeching: a modern use for an ancient remedy | 1988 | American Journal of Nursing, 1988; 88: 1656-1658 | Therapy |
| Obe G | Die Blutegelbehandlung der akuten unspezifischen Epididymitis | 1953 | Zeitschrift für Urologie, 1953; 46: 755-756 | Urology, Epididymitis |
| Oberheid L | Über Blutegelbehandlung | 1940 | Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift 1940; 87: 942-944 | Review Article, Therapy Thrombosis, Back Pain, Varicosis, Myalgia |
| Ochsner A & Mahorner HR | Bactericidal effect of hirudin and heparin. Intravenous injection of hirudin and of heparin and leeching in experimental bacteria | 1935 | Archives of Surgery, 1935; 31 (2): 308-314 | Pharmacovigilance, Hirudin, Bacteria |
| Oden HG | Zur Blutegeltherapie bei Thrombophlebitis | 1933 | Die medizinische Welt, 1933; 7: 273-274 | Phlebitis, Thrombosis, Anticoagulation, Thrombophlebitis |
| Oezbek M & Sari HM | Bati Karadeniz Bölgesi‚ndeki Bazi Göllerin Hirudinea (Annelida) Faubasi | 2007 | Su Üerünleri Dergisi (Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences), 2007; (24): 83-88 | Hirudo medicinalis, Demography |
| Oh TS, Hallock G & Hong JP | Freestyle propeller flaps to reconstructed defects of the posterior trunk: A simple approach to a difficult problem | 2012 | Annals of Plastic Surgery, 2012; 68 (1): 79-82 | Surgery |
| Ojo PO, Babayi H, Olayemi IK, Peter OO, Fadipe LA, Baba E & Izebe K | Anti-tubercular activities and molecular characterization of salivary extract of leech (Hirudo medicinalis) against Myobacterium tuberculosos | 2018 | Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2018; 6: 1-8 | Bacteria, Saliva |
| Okka B | Hirudotherapy from past to present | 2013 | European Journal of Basic Medicine Science, 2013; 3 (3): 61-65 | History |
| Oliva A, Lineaweaver WC, Buncke HJ et al. | Salvage of wounds following failed tissue transplantation | 1993 | Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, 1993; 9: 257-263 | Surgery |
| Oliver J & DeLoughery EP | Leeches and plastic surgery in the modern era | 2018 | Plastic Surgical Nursing 2018; 38 (3): 88-89 | Review Article, Surgery |
| Oostheer R | Leeching | 1970 | South African Medical Journal, 1970; 44: 678 | Biology, Leeches |
| Orabi MAA, Lahiq AA, Al Awadh AA, Alsharani MM, Abdel-Wahab BA & Abdel-Sattar ES | Alternative non-drug treatment options of the most neglected parasitic disease cutaneous leishmaniasis: A narrative review | 2023 | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 2023; 8, 275: 1-14 | Leishmaniasis |
| Oregaard JS, Lang CL & Venzo A | Partial salvage of avulsed tissue after dog bite | 2016 | RCS Annals 2016; 96 (2): 22-25 | Surgery |
| Orevi M, Eldor A, Giguzin I & Rigbi M | Jaw anatomy of the blood-sucking leeches, Hirudinea Linnatis nilotica and Hirudo medicinalis, and its relationship to their feeding habits | 2000 | Journal of Zoology London, 2000; 250: 121-127 | Biology, Leeches |
| Orevi M, Rigbi M, Hy-am E et al. | A potent inhibitor of platelet activating factor from the saliva of the leech Hirudo medicinalis | 1992 | Prostaglandins, 1992; 43: 483-495 | Saliva, PAF-Inhibitor |
| Orgill DP | Medicinal leech therapy | 2007 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2007; 120 (3): 808 | Surgery |
| Orkiz Z, Mraovic B, Kvolitz S, Istvanic T, Divkovic D & Kristek J | Does the type of anaestesia administered affect the efficacy of medicinal leech therapy after finger replantation: Clinical observations in a 6-year-old boy | 2012 | Pediatric Anesthesia, 2012; 22 (6): 605-607 | Surgery |
| Ormen O, Granum PE, Lassen J & Figueras MJ | Lack of agreement between biochemical and genetic identification of Aeromonas spp. | 2005 | APMIS, 2005; 113: 203-207 | Aeromonas |
| Orsini J & Sakoulas G | Surgical site infection complicating leech therapy | 2007 | The Internet Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2007; 3 (1): ISSN 1528-8293 | Surgery, Infections, Aeromonas |
| Ott BM, Beka L, Graf J & Rio RVM | Draft genome sequence of Pedobacter sp. Strain Hv1, an isolate from medicinal leech mucosal castings | 2015 | Genome Announcements, 2015; 3 (6): 1-2 | Biology, Mucus, Infections, Bacteria, Genome |
| Ott BM, Dacks AM, Fyan KJ & Rio RVM | A tale of transmission: Aeromonas veronii activity within leech-exuded mucus | 2016 | Applied Environmental Microbiology, 2016; 82 (19): 2644-2655 | Biology, Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Aeromonas |
| Ott BM, Rickards A, Gehrke L & Rio RVM | Characterization of shed medicinal leech mucus reveals a diverse microbiota | 2015 | Frontiers in Microbiology 2015; 5 (757): 1-10 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Mucus |
| Otto A, Schoeller T, Wechselberger G & Ohler K | Successful ear replantation without venous anamastosis by using leeches | 1999 | Handchirurgie Mikrochirurgie Plastische Chirurgie, 1999; 31 (2): 98-101 | Surgery |
| Ouderkirk JP, Bekhor D, Turett GS & Murali R | Aeromonas meningitis complicating medicinal leech therapy | 2004 | Clinical infectious diseases, 2004; 38 (4): 36-37 | Surgery, Infections, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pharmacovigilance |
| Özkaya D | Keratitis following leech therapy for periocular eczematous dermatitis: A case report | 2023 | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 2023; 23 (1): 1-4 | Pharmacovigilance, Keratitis |
| Özyurt S, Koca G, Demirel K, Baskin A & Korkmaz M | Findings of bone scintigraphy after leech therapy | 2014 | Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy, 2014; 23 (1): 25-27 | Scintigraphy, Blood Flow Measurement |
| Palm NM, Wesolowski JC, Wu JY & Srinivas S | Implementation of a leeches + antimicrobial prophylaxis panel to optimize medicinal leech use at a tertiary care academic medical center | 2021 | Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2021; Feb 2021 | Surgery, Procedure, Pharmacovigilance, Antibiotics |
| Panda AK & Debnath SK | Effectiveness of leech therapy in Gambhira Vata-Rakta (Acute gout): A pilot study | 2012 | Journal of Homeopathy and Ayurvedic Medicine, 2012; 1(2):1-4 | Orthopaedics, Gout |
| Pandey KK, Tripathi AK & Srivastava AK | A clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of Jalaukavacharana and Siddarthakadilepa in the management of Mukhadusikaw w.s.r. to acne vulgaris | 2017 | International Journal of Herbal Medicine 2017; 5 (6): 22-29 | Dermatology, Acne |
| Pandey SK & Rasale PL | The scientific review on clinical and therapeutic aspects of Jalaukavacharan (leech therapy) | 2017 | World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017; 5 (9): 262-266 | Review Article, History |
| Pannucci CJ, Nelson JA, Chung CU, Fischer JP, Kanchawala SK, Kovach SJ, Serletti JM & Wu LC | Medicinal leeches for surgically uncorrectable venous congestion after free flap breast reconstruction | 2014 | Microsurgery, 2014; 34 (7): 522-526 | Surgery |
| Pantuck AJ | Letter to the editor | 1997 | The Journal of Urology, 1997; 159:1647-1648 | Surgery, Urology, Haematoma |
| Pantuck AJ, Lobis MR, Ciocca R & Weiss RE | Penile replantation using the leech Hirudo medicinalis | 1996 | Urology, 1996; 48 (6): 953-956 | Surgery, Urology |
| Papavramidou N & Christopoulou-Aletra H | Medicinal use of leeches in the texts of ancient Greek, Roman and early Byzantine writers | 2009 | International Medical Journal, 2009; 39 (9): 624-627 | History |
| Parkes LO, Barker K, Poutanen SM, Grant JM, Libman M, Leis J, Stapleton P, Silverman M & Hota S | Modern problem, medieval cure-resistant Aeromonasin medicinal leeches | 2018 | Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018; 5 (1): S 344 | Pharmacovigilance, Antibiotic Resistance |
| Paruzel M, Jablecki J, Domanasiewicz A & Kaczmarzyk L | Application of leeches in treatment of microcirculation disturbances of replanted fingers - A preliminary report | 2007 | Polski Przeglad Chirurgiczny 2007; 79 (8): 548-554 | Surgery, Finger Replantation |
| Patel D, Koriya K, Patel P, Solanki J, Mesara S & Nataraj M | Antibiotic sensitivity and RAPD-PCR studies on cultivable gut bacteria from Indian medicinal leech Hirudinaria granulosa | 2020 | The Journal of Basic and Applied Science Zoology 2020; 81 (9):1-12 | Antibiotic Resistance, Saliva |
| Patel KM, Svestka M, Sinkin J & Ruff P | Ciprofloxacin-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila infection following leech therapy: A case report and review of the literature | 2013 | Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 2013; 66 (1): 20-22 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Aeromonas hydrophila, Resistance to Antibiotics |
| Pathak S, Ashwini PA, Girbide SG & Kadam KN | Management of Khalita WSR to androgenetic alopecia through jalaukavacharana by ayurveda: A case study | 2015 | International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 2015; 3 (8): 2601-2606 | Dermatology, Alopecia |
| Pavlova IB, Danyan G, Chen LC & Yudina TG | Sensitivity of mycobacterium smegmatis to antibiotic effect of saliva cells secretion of the medical leech Hirudo medicinalis | 2016 | International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research 2016; 6: 1-9 | Saliva, Antibiosis |
| Pawaskar M, Katariya P, Joglekar N & Bawane VC | Effect of Jalaukavacharana in inflammatory joint disorders - A case study | 2018 | International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 2018; 6 (1): 245-249 | Osteoarthritis, Inflammation |
| Payton BW | Medicinal leeching: The golden age | 1984 | Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, 1984; 1: 79-90 | History |
| Pendleton A, Arden N, Dougados M et al. | EULAR recommendations for the management of knee osteoarthritis : report of a task force of the Standing Committe for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutic Trials (ESCSIT) | 2000 | Annals of Rheumatic Diseases , 2000; 59: 936-944 | Osteoarthrosis, Methodology |
| Pereira JA, Greig JR, Liddy H et al.: | Leech-borne Serratia marcescens infection following complex hand injury | 1998 | British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 1998; 51: 640-641 | Surgery, Infections, Serratia marcescens, Pharmacovigilance |
| Perrier Q, Parmentier R, Bros A, Pavese P, Hitier M, Caspar Y, Grevy, A, Gilbert P, Brudieu E, Foroni L & Bedouch P. | Réflexion pluri-professionelle pour la promotion du bon usage des sangsues en établissement de santé | 2018 | Le Pharmacien Hospitalier et Clinicien 2018; 53 (4): 301-305 | Sugery, Pharmacovigilance |
| Pertea M, Grosu OM, Timofte D, Velenciuc N, Ciobanu P, Poroch V & Lunca S | The efficiency of hirudotherapy in venous congestion treatment after replantation | 2020 | Revista de Chimie 2020; 71 (3): 350-357 | Surgery, Finger, Ear |
| Petersen AM, Chin W, Feilich KL, Jung G, Quist JL, Wang J & Ellerby DJ | Leeches run cold, then hot | 2011 | Biology Letters 2011; 7: 941-943 | Biology, Leech Breeding |
| Petersen TE, Roberts HR, Sotrup-Jensen L & Magnusson S | Primary structure of hirudin, a thrombin-specific inhibitor | 1958 | In: Peeters E (ed.), Protides of the biological fluids. Proceedings of the Royal Society in Medicine, Pergamon Press, Oxford 1958: 145-148 | Saliva, Hirudin, Anticoagulation |
| Petrauskiene L | Water and sediment toxicity assessed by the use of behavioural response of medicinal leeches | 2003 | Environmental International, 2003; 28 (8): 729-736 | Biology, Leeches |
| Petrauskiene L, Utevska O & Utevsky S | Can different species of medicinal leech (Hirudo spp.) interbreed? | 2009 | Intervertebrate Biology, 2009: 1-8 | Biology, Leeches |
| Petrauskiene L, Utevska O & Utevsky S | Reproductive biology and ecological strategies of three species of medicinal leeches (genus Hirudo) | 2011 | Journal of Natural History, 2011; 45 (11-12): 737-747 | Biology, Leeches |
| Petri C | Blutegel bei Peritendinitis und verwandten Beschwerden | 1939 | Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1939; 69: 371-372 | Tendinitis, Epicondylitis |
| Pfeiffer I, Brenig B & Kutschera U | The occurrence of an Australian leech species (genus Helobdella) in German freshwater habitats as revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequences | 2004 | Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2004; 33: 214-219 | Leeches, Helobdella, Demography |
| Philip J, Armitage DW, Philipps KR & Parr NJ | Leech therapy for penoscrotal oedema in patients with hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma | 2003 | British Journal of Urology International, 2003; 91 (6): 579-580 | Urology, Oedema |
| Phillips AJ & Siddall ME | Poly-paraphyly of Hirudineae: many lineages of medical leeches | 2009 | BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2009; 9: 246 | Hirudo medicinalis, Taxonomy |
| Phillips AJ, Arauco-Brown R, Oceguera-Figueroa A et al. | Tyrannobdella rex N. Gen. N. Sp. and the evolutionary origins of mucosal leech infestations | 2010 | PLoS ONE, 2010; 5 (4): e10057 | Biology, Leeches, Tyrannobdella rex, Hirudiniasis |
| Pickrell BB, Daly MC, Freniere B, Higgins JP, Safa B & Eberlin KR | Leech therapy following digital replantation and revascularization | 2020 | The Journal of Hand Surgery 2020; 45 (7): 638-643 | Surgery, Finger |
| Piening J | Die Anwendung des Blutegel in der Geriatrie | 1960 | Hippokrates, 1960; 17: 593-595 | Geriatrics, Cardiovascular System |
| Pietrzak A, Kanitakis J, Tomasiewicz K, Wawrzycki B, Kozlowska-Loj J, Dybiec E & Chodorowska G | Cutaneous complications of improper leech application | 2012 | Annals of Agriculture and Environmental Medicine, 2012; 19 (4): 790-792 | Pharmacovigilance, Allergy, Skin Reactions |
| Pilar A, Martinez Moran JJ & Conde JJ | Is leech therapy beneficial in relieving venous congestion? | 2021 | Evidentia 2021; V18 | Surgery, Venous Congestion, Review |
| Pilcher H | Medicinal leeches: Stuck on you | 2004 | Nature, 2004; 432: 10-11 | Biology, Leeches |
| Pirschel F & Kretzberg J | Encoding of tactile stimulus parameters by mechano-sensory P cells of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis | 2011 | BMC Neuroscience, 2011; 12 (1): 180-181 | Biology, Nervous System |
| Pohlig G, Fendrich G, Knecht R et al. | Purification, characterization and biological evaluation of recombinant leech-derived Tryptase inhbitor (rLDTI) expressed at high level in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 1996 | European Journal of Biochemistry., 1996; 241: 619-626 | Saliva, LDTI |
| Poornima MR, Masalekar S & Rao S | A case study to evaluate Jalaukavacharana in the management of Siraja Granthi with special reference to varicocele | 2021 | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2021; 6 (3): 160-163 | Varicocele |
| Popa OA, Surugiu V, Vadana MI & Popa L | Genetic variability of the Mediterrenean medicinal leech (Hirudo verbana Carena 1820) in Romania | 2016 | Conference Paper November 2016 | Biology, Genom Analysis |
| Porshinsky BS, Saha S, Grossman MD, Beery II P & Stawicki S | Clinical uses of the medicinal llech: A practical review | 2011 | Journal Postgraduate Medicine, 2011; 57 (1): 65-71 | Surgery, Haematoma, Review Article |
| Pospelova ML & Barnaulov OD | Effects of hirudotherapy on intravascular thrombosis activation in different cerebrovascular pathologies | 2010 | Current Topics in Neurologic Psychiatry and Related Disciplines, 2010; 18 (3): 27-32 | Thrombosis, Cerebrovascular Diseases |
| Pospelova ML & Barnaulov OD | Hirudotherapy in the treatment of bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion: Case report | 2010 | Current Topics in Neurologic Psychiatry and Related Disciplines, 2010; 18 (3): 51-53 | Carotid Stenosis, Cerebrovascular Diseases |
| Pospelova ML, Efimtsev AY, Lepekhina AS, Trufanov GE, AlekseevaTM, Ivanova NE, Efimova MY, Voronin AS, Makhanova AM & Mikhalicheva AA | Study of the functional relationship of the brain in patients with asymptomatic carotidal stenosis | 2022 | Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety 2022; 67 (2): 59-63 | Carotid Stenosis. Cerebrovascular Diseases |
| Potempa J, Dubin A, Seemüller U et al. | Inhibition of horse leucocyte proteinases by eglin, a proteinase inhibitor from leeches | 1985 | Biomedica et Biochemica Acta, 1985; 44 (2): 335-339 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Pourrahimi M, Ahdi M & Ghods R | Complications of leech therapy | 2020 | Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine 2020; 10 (3): 222-234 | Pharmacovigilance |
| Powell J & Sawyer RT | Heparin inhibits mammalian, but not leech, hyaluronidase | 1989 | Thrombolysis Research, 1989; 55: 791-796 | Saliva, Hyaluronidase, Anticoagulation |
| Prakash J, Singh M, Kumar M, Kumar S & Sambyal S | Effect of leech therapy in chronic ulcer - A case study | 2015 | Indian Journal of Research 2015; 4 (9): 169-170 | Wound Healing, Dermatology, Leg Ulcer |
| Prasad SB & Sinha MR | Vaginal bleeding due to a leech | 1983 | Postgraduate Medical Journal, 1983; 59: 272 | Leeches |
| Prasad SM & Shah B | Role of Jalauka (leech) therapy in the management of keloid - A case report | 2018 | International Journal of Scientific Research 2018; 7 (8): 12-13 | Dermatology, Keloid |
| Prentis T | Caring for a patient having leech therapy | 1998 | Nurse New Zealand, 1998; 4 (11): 19-20 | Therapy |
| Prentis T | Nursing care in leech therapy | 1998 | Nurse New Zealand, 1998; 4 (11): 19-20 | Therapy |
| Priyanka L & Nita KM | Role of leech therapy in surgical diseases | 2018 | Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science 2018; 6 (5): 1-4 | Surgery, Review, Ayurveda |
| Przybilla B & Rueff F | Tryptase-Bestimmung bei Typ-I-Allergie. | 2004 | 6. Tagung der Region Südost der deutschen Dermatologischen Akademie (DDA). Akta Dermatologika, 30; 2004 | Dermatology, Allergy, Methodology |
| Pugliese L, Gattix G, Bolognesi M et al. | Preliminary crystallographic data on the complex of bovine alpha-chymotrypsin with the recombinant protease inhibitor eglin c from Hirudo medicinalis | 1989 | Journal of Molecular Biology, 1989; 208 (3): 511-513 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Pukovnik P | Blutegel-Therapie-Den Körper entgiften | 1998 | Blutegel-Therapie, Südwest-Verlag 1998 | Handbook |
| Pullen RL | Using leeches to treat wounds | 2010 | Nursing, 2010-03 (PMID 20164722) | Dermatology, Wound Healing |
| Pulze L, Baranzini N, Giradello R, Grimaldi A, Ibba-Manneschi C, Ottaviani E, Reguzzoni M, Tettamanti G & de Eguilan M | A new cellular type in intervertebrates: First evidence of telocytes in leech Hirudo medicinalis | 2017 | Scientific Reports 2017; 7: 13580 | Biology |
| Qiu J, Lingna W, Jinghong H & Yongqing Z | Oral administration of leeches (Shuizhi): A review of the mechanisms of action on platelet aggregation | 2019 | Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2019; 232: 102-109 | Hirudo, Shuizhi, Chinese Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases |
| Rados C | Beyond blood letting: FDA gives leeches a medical makeover | 2004 | FDA Consumer Updates, 2004; 38: 9 | Market Approval |
| Rahul S, Swarnasmita P, Janhavi D, Bhuvan J & Shobbit P | Hirudotherapy - A holistic natural healer: A review | 2014 | International Journal of Oral Care and Research 2014; 2 (6): 59-69 | Review Article |
| Rai PK, Singh AK, Singh OP et al. | Efficacy of leech therapy in the management of osteoarthritis (Sandhivata) | 2011 | AYU International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda, 2011; 32 (2): 213-217 | Osteoarthritis |
| Rai S, Vidhyaprabha R & Surendran D | Management of contact dermatitis by Jalaukavacharan (Leech Therapy): A case report | 2021 | International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 2021; 11 (2): 195-199 | Contact Dermatitis |
| Rajeev K, Chandramohan A & Sarita V | Buerger`s disease - Where is the relief? A critical review | 2016 | International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplanary Research 2016; 03 (06): 1544-1547 | Dermatology, Wound Healing, BUERGER`s Disease, Thromboangiitis |
| Rajic AJ & Deleyiannis FWB | Determining the duration of leech therapy in the treatment of acute venous congestion in prefabricated free flaps | 2016 | Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery2016; 137 (2): 495-496 | Surgery, Procedure |
| Rakshitha M & Sridhara Rao SM | Role of Jaloukaavacharana followed by Kaasisaadi Taila application in thrmbosed haemorrhoids - A case study | 2022 | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2022; 7 (6): 200-203 | Haemorrhoids |
| Ramakrishnan S, Bhandari M, Gopikrishna BJ & Sahanasheela KR | Effectiveness of medicinal leech therapy on infected postauricular ulcer: A case report | 2020 | International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck surgery 2020; 6 (3): 578-580 | Wound Healing, Ulcer |
| Ramesh G, Yadav CR, Shahu SK & Mothaliya K | A case study of leech therapy (Jalukavacharana) in Khalitya w.s.r. alopecia | 2017 | International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 2017; 5 (10): 3970-3974 | Dermatology, Alopecia areata |
| Ramesh K, Omprakash S, Garg KG, Iyoti H & Ashuani K | Jaulakavacharana (Hirudotherapy): A unique para surgical measure | 2013 | International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research 2010; 3 82): 29-34 | Review Article |
| Rampure N, Channabasavanna BM & Mallikarjun M | Jalaukavacharana in diabetic foot ulcer - A case study | 2017 | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medicial Sciences 2017; 2 (3): 271-278 | Wound Healing, Diabetic Foot, Ulcer |
| Ramzan M, Droog W & Sleeswijk Visser S | Leech got your tongue? Haematoma of the tongue treated with medicinal leeches: a case report | 2010 | Netherlands Journal of Critical Care, 2010; 14 (4): 268-270 | Haematoma, Dentistry, Implant |
| Rao P, Baille FB & Bailey BN | Leechmania in microsurgery | 1985 | Practitioner, 1985; 229: 901-905 | Surgery |
| Rapaport DP, Breitbart AS, Karp NS & Siebert JW | Successful microvascular replantation of a completely amputated ear | 1993 | Microsurgery 1993; 14 (5): 312-314 | Surgery |
| Rasch K | Blutegeltherapie bei Hufrehe der Pferde | 2010 | Zeitschrift für Ganzheitliche Tiermedizin, 2010; 24:1-6 | Veterinary Medicine, Horse |
| Rasi A, Faghihi A, Jalali MA, Zamanian A & Ghaffarpour G | Leech therapy for epidermoid cysts and review of the literature | 2014 | Advanced Biomedical Research, 2014; 3 (112): 1-4 | Pharmacovigilance, Dermatology, Cysts |
| Rastogi S & Chaudhari P | Pigment reduction in nevus of Ota following leech therapy | 2014 | Journal of Ayurveda Integrative Medicine, 2014; 5 (2): 125-128 | Dermatology, Nevus |
| Raut Sy & Aditi MS | Jalaukavacharana in peri-anal hematoma: A single case study | 2019 | Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science 2019; 7 (1): 1-5 | Dermatology, Haematoma |
| Raval HN & Thakar AB | Role of Raktamokshama by Jalaukavacharana and Siravedhana in the management of Vicharchika (Eczema) | 2012 | AYU 2012; 33(1): 68-72 | Dermatology, Eczema |
| Reddy KR | Clinical study of leech application in various medico-surgical conditions | 2014 | Current Medical Research and Practice, 2014; 4 (3): 101-105 | Varicosis, Haematoma, Ulcer, Dermatology |
| Reese K, Gümbel D, Seifert J, Daeschlein G, Napp M & Ekkernkamp A | Infektionen im Zusammenhang mit der Anwendung von Hirudo medicinalis-Zwei Fallberichte und Literaturübersicht | 2015 | Handchirurgie Mikrochirurgie Plastische Chirurgie 2015; 47 (03): 206-209 | Surgery, Venous Congestion, Osteoarthritis, Erysipelas, Infections, Pharmacovigilance |
| Regan PJ, Roberts JO, Sabathy SR & Roberts AH | Use of the medicinal leech to salvage specialized skin jeopardized by venous impairment | 1991 | Injury, 1991; 22 (2): 161-163 | Blood Circulation, Phlebitis |
| Rehman S | Management of diabetic foot ulcer by Hirudo medicinalis, the "Healing Leech" | 2020 | Diabetic Foot Ulcer 2020: 315-330 | Wound Healing. Diabetic Foot, Ulcer |
| Renesto P, Ferrer-Lopezx P & Chignard M | Interference of recombinant eglin c, a protease inhibitor extracted from leeches, with neutrophil-mediated platelet activation | 1990 | Laboratory Investigation, 1990; 62 (4): 409-416 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Resch JC, Hedstrom R, Steiner ME, Said SM & Somani A | Hirudotherapy for limb ischemia in the pediatric intensive care ubit: A retrospective observational cohort | 2022 | Frontiers in Pediatrics 2022; 05 JAN 2023, 10 | Paediatrics, Neonatal Limb Ischaemia, Critical Care |
| Resch JC, Said S, Steiner M & Somani A | Hirudotherapy for neonatal limb ischemia during ECMO support: A word of caution | 2021 | Journal of Cardiac Surgery 2021; under review | Neonatal Limb Ischaemia, ECMO, Paediatrics, Critical Care |
| Rester U, Bode W, Moser M et al. | Structure of the complex of the antistasin-type inhibitor bdellostasin with trypsin and modeling of the bdellostasin-microplasmin system | 1999 | Journal of Molecular Biology, 1999; 293: 93-106 | Saliva, Bdellins |
| Retzlaff K & Meyer E | Die Blutegelbehandlung von Thrombosen und Thrombophlebitiden | 1935 | Zeitschrift für ärztliche Fortbildung, 1935; 32: 177-178 | Thrombosis, Phlebitis, Thrombophlebitis |
| Reverter D, Vendrell J, Canals F et al. | A carboxypeptidase inhibitor from the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis. Isolation, sequence analysis, cDNA cloning, recombinant expression, and characterization | 1998 | Journal of Biologal Chemistry, 1998; 273: 32927-32933 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Reynolds A & Oboyle C | Nurses` experiences of leech therapy in plastic and reconstructive surgery | 2016 | 2016.25.13.729 (July 13) | Surgery, Nurses |
| Rheinbaben F, Riebe O, Koehnlein J & Werner S | Viral infection risks for patients using the finished product Hirudo verbana (medicinal leech) | 2014 | Parasitolgy Research 2014 | Hirudo medicinalis, Pharmacovigilance, Pathogenous Viruses, Infections |
| Ricci-Silva ME | Protein mapping oft he salivary complex from a hematophageous leech | 2005 | OMICS, 2005; 9 (2): 194-208 | Biology |
| Richerson JT, Davis JA & Meystrik R | Aeromonas, acclimation, and penicillin as complications when leeches are applied to skin flaps in rabbits | 1990 | Laboratory Animal Science, 1990; 24 (2): 147-150 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pharmacology, Infections |
| Rieckmann T | Langzeiteffekte einer einmaligen Blutegeltherapie bei Gonarthrose | 2008 | Thesis, University Duisburg-Essen 2008 | Osteoarthritis (knee), Long-Term Effects |
| Riede F, Koenen W, Goerdt S , Ehmke H & Faulhaber J | Der Einsatz medizinischer Blutegel zur Therapie der venösen Stase und von Hämatomen bei Lappenplastiken | 2010 | Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft JDDG, 2010; 8: 1-9 | Surgery, Dermatology, Haematoma, Venous Congestion |
| Rigbi M, Levy H, Eldor A et al. | The saliva of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis. II Inhibition of platelet aggregation and of leucocyte activity and examination of reputed anaesthetic effects | 1987 | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 1987; 88 (1): 95-98 | Saliva, PAF-Inhibitor, Anaesthesia, Anticoagulation, Adrenalin |
| Rigbi M, Levy H, Iraqui F et al. | The saliva of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis. I Biochemical characterization of the high molecular weight fraction | 1987 | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 1987; 87 (3): 567-573 | Saliva |
| Rigbi M, Orevi M & Eldor A | Platelet aggregation and coagulation inhibitors in leech saliva and their roles in leech therapy | 1996 | Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis, 1996; 22 (3): 273-278 | Saliva, PAF-Inhibitor, Faktor X a-Inhibitor, Adrenalin |
| Rink H, Liersch M, Sieber P & Meyer F | A large fragment approach to DNA synthesis: total synthesis of a gene for the protease inhibitor eglin c from the leech Hirudo medicinalis and its expression in E. coli | 1984 | Nucleic Acid Research, 1984; 12 (16): 6369-6387 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Rivera ML & Gross JE | Scalp replantation after traumatic injury | 1995 | AORN Journal, 1995; 62 (2): 175-180 | Surgery |
| Robinson K, Postelnick M, Rhodes N, Chao Q, Malczynski M, Widmaier V, Rezaeian S, Dirnberger L, Zarnbower T, Bolon M & Silkatis C | Implementing infection prevention for leech therapy | 2019 | American Journal of Infection Control 2019; 47 (6): S15 | Pharmacovigilance, Antibiotics, Resistance, Infection Prevention |
| Roche NA, Vermeulen BT, Blondeel PN & Stillaert FB | Technical recommendations for penile replantation based on lessons learned from penile reconstruction | 2012 | Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 2012; 28(04): 247-250 | Surgery, Urology |
| Ross MS | The leech: Of dermatological interest? (Letter) | 1983 | Archives of Dermatology, 1983; 119: 276-277 | Dermatology |
| Roters FJ & Zebe E | Protease inhibitors in the alimentary tract of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis: In vivo and in vitro studies | 1992 | Journal of Comparative Physiology, 1992; 162: 85-92 | Biology, Eglin, Bdellin, Proteases, Protease-Inhibition |
| Roth M | Ein Tier heilt Tiere. Der medizinische Blutegel | 1997 | ATM Nachrichten, 1997; 15:1-5 | Veterinary Medicine |
| Roth M | Mangelware Blutegel | 1999 | Paracelsus Report, 1999: 66 | Hirudo medicinalis, Demography |
| Roth M | Biologie der Blutegel und ihre therapeutische Wirksamkeit | 2002 | Erfahrungsheilkunde, 2002: 615-623 | Biology, Leeches, Therapy |
| Roth M | Zur Biochemie der Blutegelsekrete. | 2009 | In: Michalsen A, Roth M: Blutegeltherapie. Haug, Stuttgart 2009: 93-101 | Saliva |
| Roth M | Zur Biologie der Blutegel. | 2009 | In: Michalsen A, Roth M: Blutegeltherapie. Haug, Stuttgart 2009:10-43 | Hirudo medicinalis, Taxonomy |
| Roth M, Jauker F & Morkel C | Ein großer Räuber in weicher Verpackung. Der medizinische Blutegel | 1997 | CoMed, 1997: 92-93 | Hirudo medicinalis |
| Rothenberger J, Petersen W, Schaller HE & Held M | Determining the appropriate number and duration of leech therapy in congested tisuue spectrophotometry and laser Doppler Flowmetry | 2016 | Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2016; 24 (6): 1023-1029 | Surgery, Doppler Fluorimetry, Microcirculation, Oxygen to See O2C. Wound Healing, Mode of Action |
| Rouholamin H & Harris D | Reach for a leech. Leeches and microsurgery | 1991 | Injury, 1991; 22 (2): 159-160 | Surgery |
| Rudeaux N | NIK, Relax and Tonus | 2007 | International Biotherapy Society, 2007 Jerusalem | Psychiatry, Cosmetics |
| Rüdiger HW | Zur Blutegelbehandlung | 1936 | Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1936; 83: 1276 | Therapy |
| Ruppé E, Cherkaoui A, Wagner N, LaScala GC, Beaulieu Y, Girard M, Frey J, Lazarevic V & Schrenzel J | In vivo selection of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas salmonicida during medical leech therapy | 2017 | New Microbes and New Infections 2017; in press | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Sadati MS, Rezaee M, Ghafarpur S & Aslani FS | Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia indurced by Hirudo medicinalis (leeches) | 2019 | Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine 2019; 16 (4) | Pharmacovigilance |
| Sadeghi A, Navabakhsh B & Vahedi NI | Leech induced pyoderma gangrenosum in an ulcerative colitis patient: A case report | 2016 | Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases, 2016, 8 (1): 63- 66 | Pharmacovigilance |
| Sagar S, Kapadiya M & Dudhamal TS | Leech application: An effective pain management option in osteoarthritis of knee joint: A case report | 2020 | International Journal of Ayush case reports 2020; 4 (2): 70-73 | Osteoarthritis, Gonarthrosis |
| Saglam N, Dorucu M, Ozdemir Y, Seker E & Sarieyyupoglu M | Distribution and economic importance of medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Eastern Anatolia/Turkey | 2008 | Lauterbornia, 2008; 65: 105-118 | Biology |
| Saglam N, Özbay Ö, Demir T, Baler M, Pala A & Kilic A | Effect of water quality on monthly density variation of the endangered southern medicinal leech Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820 (Hirudinea: Arhynchobdellida: Hirudinidae) | 2018 | Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 2018; 70 (39: 433-441 | Leech Breeding |
| Saglam N, Saunders R, Lang SA & Shain DH | A new species of Hirudo (Annelida: Hirudinea): Historical biogeography of Eurasian medicinal leeches | 2016 | BMC Zoology DEC 2016,1: 5 | Biology |
| Saglam N, Saunders R, Shain DH & Saidel WM | Detailed ultrastructure of the Hirudo (Annelida: Hirudinea) salivary gland | 2020 | Micron 2020; in press | Biology, Saliva |
| Sahin AG & Saglan N | The investigation of hyaluronidase activity in muscle of medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) | 2016 | Turkish Journal of Science & Technology 2016; 11 (1): 31-36 | Biology, Saliva, Hyaluronidase |
| Saidel WM, Saglan N, Salas de la Cruz D, Saunders R & Shain DH | Elaborate ultrastructure of Hirudo (Annelida: Hirudinae) cocoon surface | 2017 | Journal of Morphology 2017; | Biology |
| Saifi N, Alam S & Ahmed S | Leech therapy: Modern and Unani medical perspective | 2016 | World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016; 5 (9): 796-802 | History, Review |
| Saki N, Rahim F, Nikghlagh S, & Saki G | Meta analysis of the leech as a live foreign body: detection, precaution, and treatment | 2009 | Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2009; 12 (24): 1556-1563 | Hirudiniasis |
| Salikhov IG, Lapshina SA, Salikhova DI, Mukhina RG, Khabirov RA, Abdrakipov RZ & Latfullina FH | Effect of leeches therapy in periarticular symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis | 2002 | Pro Health.com, June 2002. http://www.arthritissupport.com/library/showarticle.cfm/ID/407/T/Arthritis | Osteoarthritis, Rheumatism |
| Salzet M | Anticoagulants and inhibitors of platelet aggregation derived from leeches | 2001 | FEBS Lett, 2001; 492 (3): 187-192 | Review Article, Saliva, Anticoagulation |
| Salzet M | Leech thrombin inhibitors | 2002 | Curr Pharm Res, 2002; 8 (7): 493-503 | Review Article, Saliva, Anticoagulation |
| Samanci R, Samanci VM, Gunel MG, Yildiz SN & Ataoglu S | Investigation of the knowledge and attitude of physicians about traditional and complementary medicine | 2020 | International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research 2020; 1 (3): 118-124 | Alternative Medicine |
| Samaranayake GUP & Peiris PP | Management of Mukhadushika (Acne vulgaris) with Jalaukavacharana (Leech therapy): A case study | 2018 | International Symposium in Ayur and Indigenous Medicine 2018: Abstract 011 | Dermatology, Acne |
| Samarendra H & Kalu P | Medicinal leech therapy in plastic surgery | 2017 | pmfa news 2017; 4 (6) | Surgery, review |
| Sanapala C, Jones J, McConville R & Foo M | Treatment of a nasal tip laceration with adjunctive leech therapy: A case report | 2015 | Journal of Clinical Case reports 2015; 5 (8): 570-571 | Surgery |
| Sandkamp M, Köster B & Hiller R | Tryptase – ein neuer Allergiemarker | 2005 | www.lanisa.de/allergologie/tryptase/htm 2005 | Allergy |
| Sapkota J, Khatiwada N, Shah B & Prasad SM | A case study of Youwan Pidika (Acne vulgaris) treated by Jalauka Avacharana (Leech therapy) - Case report | 2021 | The Healer Journal 2021; 2 (2): 98-101 | Dermatology, Acne |
| Saqlain M, Ali F, Parveen A & Riaz A | Benefits of leech therapy in Unani system of medicine: A review | 2016 | World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016; 5 (4): 559-569 | Review Article |
| Saranya U & Kanesalingam M | Wound healing activity of leech therapy on Dhusta Virnam: A case study | 2017 | International Conference of the Shalakya Sandipani 2017, Presentation | Dermatology, Wound Healing |
| Sargin S, Atik A, Merik G & Ulusal AE | Leech treatment for prolonged digital ischemia | 2015 | Current Orthopaedic Practice, 2105; 26 (1): 81-83 | Surgery |
| Sari T & Kaya A | Leech therapy in a case with arterial embolism | 2020 | International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research 2020; 1 (3): 149-150 | Embolism |
| Saroj SJ, Kasle S & Giri S | Ayurvedic management of TAO (BUERGER`S Disease) - A case study | 2017 | European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research 2017, 4 (3): 495-497 | Dermatology, Thromboangiitis, BUERGER`S Disease, Wound Healing |
| Sartor C, Bornet C, Guinard D & Fournier PE | Transmission of Aeromonas hydrophila by leeches | 2013 | The Lancet 2013, 381 (9878); 1686 (11 MAI 2013) | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Aeromonas hydrophila, Resistance to Antibiotics |
| Sartor C, Limouzin-Perotti F, Legre R, Casanova D, Bongrand MC, Sambruc R & Drancourt M | Nosocomial infections with Aeromonas hydrophila from leeches | 2002 | Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2002; 35 (1): e1-5 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Sashkina TI, Abdullaeva AI, Runova GS, Saldusova IV & Zajchenko OV | Hirudotherapy in treatment of chronic generalised periodontitis | 2019 | Bulletin of Russian State Medical University 2019;4: 79-82 | Dentistry, Periodontitis |
| Savinov V, Sergeeva N, Chistova C & Chistov A | The role of hirudotherapy in the treatment of urogenital infections | 2007 | International Biotherapy Society, 2007 Jerusalem | Urology |
| Savinov VA | Symbiotic bacterium from medicinal leech as the acting agent of hirudoautohaemotherapy | 2013 | Moscow Alliance of Hirudotherapists, Moskau 2013 | Cancer, Immune Therapy |
| Savinov VA | Upper extremity elephantiasis after radical mammectomy leech therapy | 2013 | Russian Association for Hirudotherapy, Moskau 2013 | Cancer |
| Savoor SR | Alopecia areata after leech bite | 1940 | Annual Report of the Institute of Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur 1940: 71 | Pharmacovigilance, Alopecia areata |
| Savrun A, Bozkurt S, Okumus M, Gökcen E & Türkaslan M | Prolonged bleeding on the neck in leech therapy: Case report | 2014 | Archives of Clinical and Experimental Surgery, 2014; 4 (4):- | Pharmacovigilance, Bleeding |
| Sawant DP & Panzade SM | Management of periapical abscess with Jalaukavacharana (leech application) - A single case study | 2017 | International Journal of Ayush Case Reports (IJA.CARE) 2017; 1 (1): 6-9 | Dermatology, Abscesses |
| Sawyer RT | Leech biology and behaviour. Volume I and II | 1986 | Leech biology and behaviour, Oxford University Press, New York 1986, Volume I and II | Handbook |
| Sawyer RT | Editorial (Leeches) | 1991 | Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis, 1991; 2: 63-64 | Review Article |
| Sawyer RT | Thrombolytics and anticoagulants from leeches | 1991 | BioTechnology, 1991; 9: 513-518 | Saliva, Anticoagulation, Thrombolysis |
| Sawyer RT | The trade in medicinal leeches in the Southern Indian ocean in the nineteenth century | 1999 | Medical History, 1999; 43: 241-245 | History |
| Sawyer RT | History of leech trade in Ireland, 1750-1915: Microcosm of a global commodity | 2013 | Medical Histpry, 2013; 57 (3): 420-441 | History |
| Saxena N & Patel A | Ayurveda management of varicose eczema (Vicharchika): A case report | 2021 | Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2021; 9 (4): 1-3 | Dermatology, Varicosis |
| Schäfer S | Molekularbiologische Untersuchungen der Zusammensetzung und Abundanz von Bakterien in der Aquakultur einer Blutegelzucht nach unterschiedlicher Wasserbehandlung | 2013 | Gießen-Universität 2013 | Pharmacovigilance, Bacteria, Breeding |
| Schaible HG, Ebersberger A & von Banchet GS | Mechanisms of pain in arthritis | 2002 | Ann NY Acad Sci, 2002; 966: 343-354 | Osteoarthritis |
| Schaller A | Vom Aderlassen, Schröpfen und Blutegel setzen | 2001 | Biologische Umschau für die ärztliche Praxis, 2001:1-4 | Therapy |
| Schapira H | Blutegelbehandlung bei Adnexitis und Parametritis | 1937 | Hippokrates, 1937; 8 (34): 856 | Adnexitis, Parametritis |
| Schenker M, Murray A & Kay SPJ | Leech therapy in the treatment of median nerve compression due to forearm haematoma | 2006 | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 2006; 77: 799 | Neurology, Haematoma |
| Schikorski D, Cuvillier-Hot V, Leippe M, Boidin-Wichlacz C, Slomianny C, Macagno E, Salzet M & Tasiemski A | Microbial challenge promotes the regenerative process of the injured central nervous system of the medicinal leech by inducing the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides in neurons and microglia | 2008 | Journal of Immunology, 2008; 181 (2): 1083-1095 | Biology, Neurology, Immune System, Infections |
| Schimmel KC | Ab- und ausleitende Heilmethoden | 1990 | In: SCHIMMEL KC (Hrsg.): Lehrbuch der Naturheilverfahren. Hippokrates, Stuttgart1990: 75-98 | Venesection |
| Schittenhelm A | Blutegeltherapie | 1936 | Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1936; 83 (4): 460 | Therapy |
| Schlaudraff KU, Bezzola T, Montandon D, Pepper MS & Pittet B | Mixed arterio-venous insufficieny in random skin flaps in the rat: is the application of medicinal leeches beneficial? | 2008 | Journal of Surgery Research, 2008; 150: 85-91 | Pharmacology, Doppler Fluorimetry, Surgery |
| Schmidt M | Natürliche Therapieverfahren: Blutegel | 1994 | PTA heute, 1994; 8: 766-772 | Review Article, Therapy |
| Schnabl SM, Kunz C, Unglaub F, Polykandriotis E, Horch RE & Dragu A | Acute postoperative infection with Aeromonas hydrophila after using medicinal leeches for treatment of venous congestion | 2010 | Archives of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, 2010; 130 (10): 1323-1328 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Aeromonas hydrophila, Antibiosis, |
| Schnebli HP, Seemüller U, Fritz H et al. | Biochemical properties and possible therapeutic role of the elastase inhibitor eglin c | 1985 | Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, 1985; 180: 287-290 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Schnebli HP, Seemüller U, Fritz H et al. | Eglin c, a pharmacologically active elastase inhibitor | 1985 | European Journal of Respiratory Disease (Suppl.), 1985; 139: 66-70 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Scholz N | Egel gut, alles gut | 2005 | Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift, 2005: 77 | Therapy |
| Schöneis-Vogel I | Blutegel helfen Mitch und Mine | 2006 | Herz und Schnauze, 2006:32 | Veterinary Medicine |
| Schöpfer C | Der medizinische Blutegel (Hirudo medicinalis) | 1841 | Der medizinische Blutegel (Hirudo medicinalis), Quedlinburg 1841 | History |
| Schreiner K | Die Blutegelbehandlung der Epididymitis gonorrhoica und anderer entzündlicher Krankheitszustände | 1935 | Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1935; 61: 1955-1958 | Urology, Epididymitis |
| Schubert M | Blutegelbehandlung bei Epididymitiden und Arthritis gonorrhoica | 1937 | Dermatologische Wochenschrift, 1937; 105: 917-921 | Urology, Epididymitis, Arthritis gonorrhoica |
| Schuhmacher A | Blutegelbehandlung des Herpes zoster und des Nervus trigeminus I und II | 1935 | Hippokrates, 1935; 6 (22): 837 | Dermatology, Neurology, Shingles, Trigeminus |
| Schuhmacher A | Blutegel in der Augenheilkunde | 1936 | Hippokrates, 1936; 7: 1090-1091 | Ophthalmology |
| Schulze K | Der Blutegel, seine Behandlung und medizinische Anwendung | 1935 | Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung, 1935: 1057-1058 | Therapy |
| Schweer M | Untersuchungen zur vergleichenden Stoffwechselphysiologie einheimischer Süßwasseregel (Hirudinea) | 1959 | Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie, 1959; 42: 20-42 | Hirudo medicinalis, Biology |
| Schwickert M & Saha J | Rezidivierender Herpes zoster mit neuralgischem Schmerz | 2006 | Forschende Komplementärmedizin, 2006; 13: 184-186 | Dermatology, Shingles |
| Seemüller U | Inhibitoren aus dem Blutegel Hirudo medicinalis mit Hemmwirkung gegen Chrymotripsin, Subtilisin und die menschlichen Granulozytenproteasen Elastase und Kathepsin G | 1979 | Dissertation, Universität München 1979 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Seemüller U, Eulitz M, Fritz H & Strobl A | Structure of the elastase-cathepsin G inhibitor of the leech Hirudo medicinalis | 1980 | Hoppe Seylers Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie, 1980; 361 (12): 1841-1846 | Saliva, Elastase-Inhibitor |
| Seemüller U, Fritz H & Eulitz M | Eglin: elastase-cathepsin G inhibitor from leeches | 1981 | Methods in Enzymology , 1981; 80: 804-816 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Seemüller U, Meier M, Ohlson K et al. | Isolation and characterisation of a low molecular weight inhibitor (of chymotrypsin and human granulocytic elastase and cathepsin G) from leeches | 1977 | Hoppe Seylers Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie, 1977; 358: 1105-1107 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Seifert KW | Die Blutegeltherapie | 2005 | Naturheilpraxis, 2005: 1147-1157 | Therapy |
| Seigworth GR | Blood letting over the centuries | 1980 | NY State Journal of Medicine, 1980; 80: 2026 | History |
| Seleznev KG & Nikonov GI | Hirudopharmacotherapy of postradiation damages in pharynx and oral cavity | 2007 | International Biotherapy Society, 2007 Jerusalem | Dermatology, Hirudon Gel, |
| Seleznev KG & Schetinina YA | Hirudopharmacotherapy for the treatment of recurrent external otitis | 2007 | International Biotherapy Society, 2007 Jerusalem | ENT, Otitis, Hirudon Gel |
| Seleznev KG, Nikonov GI & Titova YA | Natural liposome from Hirudo medicinalis – The active component of the “MAGIA” cosmetic cream | 2007 | International Biotherapy Society, 2007 Jerusalem | Dermatology, Cosmetics |
| Seleznev KG, Semikov NG, Nikonov GI & Dubrovina IV | Efficacy of “HIRUDO” gel for prevention and treatment of dermatitis occurring after radiation in patients suffering from carcinoma of the vulva | 2007 | International Biotherapy Society, 2007 Jerusalem | Dermatology, Hirudon Gel |
| Seleznev KG, ShchetiniviaEA, Trophimenko NP, Nikonov GI & Baskova IP | Use of the medicinal leech in the treatment of ear diseases | 1992 | ORL Otorhinolaryngology, 1992; 54 (1): 1-4 | Tinnitus |
| Selkar RN, Khandare K, Patil M & Gode C | Comparative study on haematological parameters in leech application for acute inlammation | 2020 | International Journal of Current Research and Review 2020; 12 (22): 123-132 | Haematology |
| Senchenkov A & Jacobson SR | Microvascular salvage of a thrombosed total ear replant | 2013 | Microsurgery, 2013; DOI: 20.1002/micr.22100 | Surgery |
| Senel E, Özkan AT & Mumcuoglu KY | Scientometric analysis of medicinal leech therapy | 2019 | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine 2019, in press | Review, Literature |
| Senthilkumaran S, Benita F, Menezes RG & Thrumalaikolundusubramanian P | Leech therapy and infection control: No clear window | 2014 | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 2014; 5 (4): 260 | Infections |
| Sepaskha M, Yazdanpanah N, Aslani FS & Jahromi MA | Cutaneous pseudolymphoma as a rare adverse effect of medicinal leech therapy: A case report and review of the literature | 2020 | Cureus 2020; 12 (4): e7516 | Dermatology, Pharmacovigilance, Pseudolymphoma |
| Serekova AA, Dzgoeva MG, Dzgoeva ZG, Kokoev AB, Kanukova LS & Farnieva OA | Improving the effectiveness of therapeutic measures for generalized periodontitis in patients with hypertension | 2021 | Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International 2021; 33 (52B): 245-251 | Dentistry, Periodontitis |
| Sevimli N, Karadag R & Karadag AS | Periorbital ecchymosis and subconjunctival hemorrhage due to leech therapy for headache | 2021 | Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia 2021; 84 (2): 183-185 | Pharmacovigilance, Periorbital Ecchymosis, Subconjunctival Haemorraghe |
| Shah A, Shah S & Khan T | Irsal-e-Alaq (Leech therapy) in Unani system: A review | 2018 | Research and Reviews: A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy 2018; 5 (1): 27-31 | History, Review, Ayurveda |
| Shah S | Why leeches influence my physical examination | 1998 | The Lancet 1998; 352: 2014-2015 | Therapy, Demography |
| Shain DH | Annelids in Modern Biology | 2009 | John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken NJ 2009 | Biology, Handbook |
| Shakouri A & Abdolalizadeh J | Anti-cancer activity of liposoma medical leech saliva extract (LSE) | 2018 | Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Recent Advances in Nanotechnology, April 10-12, 2018 | Cancer, Saliva |
| Shakouri A & Wollina U | Time to change theory: Medical leech from a molecular medicine perspective. Leech salivary proteins playing a potential role in medicine | 2021 | Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2021; 11 (2): 261-266 | Saliva, Cancer |
| Shakouri A, Adljouy N, Balkani S, Mohamadi M, Safari F & Hamishekar H | Effectiveness of topical gel of medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) saliva extract on patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized study | 2018 | Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 2018; 31: 352-359 | Orthopeadics, Osteoarthritis, Saliva Extract Gel |
| Shakouri A, Kahroba H, Hamishekar H & Abdolalizadeh J | Nanoencapsulation of Hirudo medicinalis proteins in liposomes as a nanocarrier for inhibiting angiogenesis thruogh targeting VEGFA in the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) | 2021 | BioImpacts 2021; 11 (5): in press | Saliva, Cancer |
| Shammas RL, Cornejo A, Poveromo LP & Hollenbeck ST | Outcomes of leech therapy for venous congestion after reconstructive surgery | 2016 | Journal of the American College of Surgeons 2016; 223 (4, Suppl. 1): S100 | Review Article, Surgery, Venous Congestion |
| Shamsaddini S & Dabiri S | Basal cell carcinoma on nickel dermatitis after leech applying | 2000 | Eastern Mediterranian Health, 2000; 6: 197-199 | Pharmacovigilance, Dermatology, Dermatitis |
| Shankar KMP, Dattatreya R & Prasad S | A histopathological study on leech application in the management of vicharchika (Eczema) | 2013 | International Ayurvedic Medical Journal, 2013; 1 (4): 1-10 | Dermatology, Eczema, Doppler Fluorimetry |
| Shankar KMP, Rao SD, Umar SN & Gopalkrishnaiah V | A clinical trial for evaluation of leech application in the management of Vicharchika (Eczema) | 2014 | Ancient Science of Life, 2014; 33 (4): 236-241 | Dermatology, Eczema |
| Sharma AG & Bamola P | Role of Jalaukavacharana in Netra Roga | 2016 | International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research 2016; 4 (11): 75-77 | Review, Lacrimal Cyst |
| Sharma B | Case report to analyse the efficacy of Jalaukavacharana (Leech therapy) in management of Madhumehaj Vrana (Diabetic foot ulcer) | 2023 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research 2023; 9: 42-49 | Wound Healing, Diabetic Foot, Ulcer |
| Sharma L, Srivastava A, Sharma P, Kutiyal P & Sharma KK | Efficacy of Jalaukavacharna in the management of Acne vulgaris - Review Article | 2019 | International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 2019; 7 (9): 1603-1610 | Dermatology, Review Article, Acne vulgaris |
| Sharma M & Jagdhane CD | Role of leech therapy to encounter heel pain in associated conditions of retrocalcaneal bursitis, plantar fascitis with tenosynovitis: A case study | 2020 | World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2020; 9 (11): 686-694 | Orthopaedics, Bursitis, Tenosynovitis |
| Sharma M & Sukesh A | A review on importance of Raktamokshana in management of varicose vein and varicose ulcer | 2018 | World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018; 7 (9): 430-435 | Varicosis, Ulcer, Wound Healing |
| Sharma MR, Metha CS, Shukla DJ, Patel KB, Patel MV & Gupta SN | Multimodal Ayurvedic management for Sandhigatavata (Osteoarthritis of knee joints) | 2013 | International Journal of Research in Ayurveda 2013; 34 (1): 49-55 | Osteoarthritis |
| Sharma P & Kajaria D | Management of nonhealing venous ulcer in systemic sclerosis with leech therapy - A case report | 2020 | Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 2020; 9: 2114-2118 | Dermatology, Ulcer |
| Shashank J & Londe PD | Role of leech application in Vatarakta: A pilot study | 2014 | International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine, 2014; 5 (1): 125-128 | Orthopaedics, Gout |
| Shaw BK & Kristan WB | The whole-body shortening reflex of the medicinal leech: motor pattern, sensory basis, and interneuronal pathways | 1995 | Journal of Comparative Physiology, 1995, 177: 667-681 | Biology, Nervous System |
| Shaw SK, Prakruthi G & Sujathamma K | Effects of Jaloukavacharana in inflammatory eye disorders | 2017 | International Journal of Pharmacy and Analytical Research 2017; 6 (3): 538-543 | Ophthalmology |
| Shchekotow GM | Die Anwendung von Blutegeln bei varikös erweiterten Venen | 1980 | Voenno-Meditsinski Zhurnal, 1980; 3: 68 | Varicosis |
| Shekhar M | A literary review on Jalauka-Avacharana (Leech therapy) | 2020 | The Pharma Innovation Journal 2020; 9 (7): 428-431 | Review, Ayurveda |
| Shenfeld OZ | Successful use of the medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) for the treatment of venous insufficiency in a replanted digit | 1999 | Israel Medical Association Journal 1999; 1: 221 | Surgery |
| Shiffa M, Siddiqui MA, Sultana A, Zaman F, Fahamiya N & Akhtar MU | Comparative clinical evaluation of leech therapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis | 2013 | European Journal of Integrative Medicine 2013 (5): 261-269 | Knee Osteoarthritis |
| Shiffa M, Siddiqui MA, Sultana A, Zaman F, Fasihuzzaman N & Fahamiya N | Leech therapy in knee osteoarthritis: Mechanism and effects | 2012 | International Journal of Universal Pharmacy and Life Sciences 2012; 2 (3): 40-49 | Review Article, Osteoarthritis |
| Shifra ASF & Ayshah FAH | Irsal e alaq (Hirudo therapy) on Maa e Aksar (glaucoma): A scientific review | 2017 | University of elaniya, Sri Lanka. Digital Repository 2017, p 48 | Glaucoma |
| Shilkofski NA & Kissoon N | Editorial: Insights in pediatric critical care | 2023 | Frontiers in Pediatrics 2023; 11 | Review, Paediatrics, Critical Care |
| Shope RE | The leech as potential virus reservoir | 1957 | Journal of Experimental Medicine 1957; 105: 373 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Shorr AF, Kwong LM & Sarnes M | Venous thromboembolism after orthopaedic surgery: implications of the choice for prophylaxis | 2007 | Thrombosis Research, 2007; 121 (1): 17-24 | Saliva, Faktor X a-Inhibitor, Surgery, Pharamcovigilance |
| Shtraks JP, Peng GL & Nassif PS | Utilization of leech therapy after rhinoplasty | 2022 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2022; 149 (6): 1090-1095 | Surgery, Rhinoplasty |
| Shyam SR, Rashmi K & Yogesh N | A study of jalaukavacharana (leech therapy) on vicharchika (eczema): A case report | 2016 | International Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 2016; 6 (6): 2402-2407 | Dermatology, Eczema |
| Siddall ME, Trontelj P, Utevsky SY, Nkamani M & Macdonald KS | Diverse molecular data demonstrate that commercially available medicinal leeches are not Hirudo medicinalis | 2007 | Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 2007; 274: 1481-1487 | Taxonomy, Hirudo medicinalis |
| Siddall ME, Worthen PL, Johnson M & Graf J | Novel role for Aeromonas jandaei as a digestive tract symbiont of the North American medicinal leech | 2007 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2007; 73 (2): 655-658 | Aeromonas Jandaei |
| Sig AK, Guney M, Guclu AU & Ozmen E | Medicinal leech therapy - An overall perspective | 2017 | Integrative Medicine Research 2017; 6 (4): 337-343 | Review Article, Saliva |
| Silver AC & Graf J | Prevalence of genes encoding the type three secretion system and the effectors AexT and AexU in the Aeromonas veronii group | 2009 | DNA and Cell Biology, 2009; 28 (8): 1-6 | Biology, Leeches |
| Silver AC, Rabinowitz NM, Kuffer S & Graf J | Identification of Aeromonas veronii genes required for colonization of the medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana | 2007 | Journal of Bacteriology, 2007; 189: 6763-6772 | Aeromonas |
| Silver AC, Williams D, Faucher J et al. | Complex Evolutionary History of the Aeromonas veronii Group Revealed by Host Interaction and DNA Sequence Data | 2011 | PloS ONE, 2011; 6 (2): 1-12 | Biology, Aeromonas, DNA, Pharmacovigilance |
| Singh AP | Medicinal leech therapy (hirudotherapy): a brief overview | 2010 | Complementary Therapy and Clinical Practice, 2010; 16 (4): 213-215 | Review Article, Therapy |
| Singh OP | Clinical validation of leech therapy in the management of gout | 2013 | IWCBTA Meeting JAN 2013 | Orthopaedics, Gout |
| Singh SK & Rajoria K | Medical leech therapy in Ayurveda and biomedicine - A review | 2018 | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine 2018; 1-11 | Review Article, Ayurveda, History, Therapy |
| Sinimol TP, Sumedhan V, Surendran ES, Karthika AP & Subhose V | Ayurvedic management of multiple varicose ulcers due to incompetent perforator veins in lower limb - A case report | 2022 | Annals Ayurvedic Medicine 2022; 11 (2): 172-180 | Ulcer, Dermatology, Wound Healing |
| Sinjid R & Gopikrishna BJ | Clinical efficacy of Jalaukavacharana (leech application) in gluteal hematoma - A case study | 2018 | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2018; 3 84): 187-190 | Haematoma |
| Sirajuddin SM, Shaikh A & Sajid MM | The effect of Irsal-E-Alaq (leech) in the management of varicose vein: A review | 2017 | Research & Reviews: A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy 2017; 4 (3): 13-18 | Varicosis |
| Sivachandran P, Heera R, Lalitha P, Ravichandran M, Sivadasan S & Marimuthu K | An overview of leech and ist therapeutic applications | 2015 | Journal of Costal Life Medicine 2015; 3 (5): 405-413 | Review |
| Sivachandran P, Marimuthu K, Ravichandran M & Arockiaraj J | Antibiotic susceptibility of body surface and gut micro flora of two aquatic leech species (Hirudinaria manillensis and Hirudinaria javanica) in Malaysia | 2013 | Journal of Costal Life Medicine 2013; 1 (1): 76-80 | Pharmacovigilance, Antibiotic Resistance |
| Sivasankaran L, Anavarathan V, Mahalakshmi V, Periyasami D, Muthukumar NJ & Banumathi V | Pain management of Attei Vidal (leech therapy in Siddha system of medicine on lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) | 2019 | World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2019; 8 (1): 809-814 | Orthopaedics, Epicondylitis |
| Slesak G, Inthalad S, Strobel M, Marschal M, Hall MJR & Newton PN | Chromoblastomycosis after a leech bite complicated by myiasis: A case report | 2011 | Infectious Diseases 2011; 11 (14): 1-8 | Pharmacovigilance |
| Smeets IMG & Engelberts I | The use of leeches in a case of post-operative life-threatening macroglossia | 1995 | The Journal of Laryngology and Otology 1995; 109: 442-444 | Surgery, Haematoma |
| Smolle J, Cerroni L & Kerl H | Multiple pseudolymphoma caused by Hirudo medicinalis | 2000 | Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2000; 43: 867-869 | Pharmacovigilance, Pseudolymphoma, Varicosis, Oedema, Dermatology |
| Smolnikoff VP | Leech and vrach | 1972 | The Lancet 1972; 1 (752): 687 | Therapy |
| Smoot EC, Debs N, Banducci D, Poole M & Roth AC | Leech therapy and bleeding wound techniques to relieve venous congestion | 1990 | Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, 1990; 6 (3): 245-250 | Surgery, Methodology, Pharmacology |
| Smoot EC, Ruiz-Inchaustegui JA & Roth AC | Mechanical leech therapy to relieve venous congestion | 1995 | Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, 1995; 11 (1): 51-55 | Surgery, Methodology, Pharmacology |
| Snider DP, Stone PJ, Lucey EC et al. | Eglin c, a polypeptide derived from the medicinal leech, prevents human neutrophil elastase-induced emphysema and bronchial secretory cell metaplasia in the hamster | 1985 | American Review of Respiratory Disease, 1985; 132 (6): 1155-1161 | Saliva, Eglin, Pharmacology |
| Snower DP, Ruef C, Kuritza AP & Edberg C | Aeromonas hydrophila infection associated with the use of medicinal leeches | 1989 | Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1989; 27: 1421-1422 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Aeromonas hydrophila |
| So AK, Varisco PA, Kemkes-Matthes B et al.:. | Arthritis is linked to local and systemic activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis pathways | 2003 | Journal of Thrombosis Haemostasis 2003; 1: 2510-2515 | Osteoarthritis, Anicoagulation |
| Sobczak N & Kantyka M | Hirudotherapy in veterinary medicine | 2014 | Annals of Parasitology 2014; 60 (2): 89-92 | Veterinary Medicine |
| Soffian MSM, Mohamed I & Shukri N | A rare cause of otalgia and otorrhagia: Alive leech in the ear | 2016 | Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2016; 12 (2): 49-51 | Hirudiniasis |
| Soler L, Marco F, Vila J, Chacon MR et al. | Evaluation of two miniaturized systems, MicroScan W/A and BBL Crystal E/NF, for identification of clinical isolates of Aeromonas spp. | 2003 | Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2003; 41 (12): 5732-5734 | Aeromonas |
| Soler L, Yanez MA, Chacon MR et al. | Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Aeromonas based on two housekeeping genes | 2004 | International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2004; 54: 1-9 | Aeromonas |
| Söllner C, Mentele R, Eckerskorn C, et al.: | Isolation and characterization of hirustasin, an antistasin-type serine-protease inhibitor from the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis | 1994 | European Journal of Biochemistry, 1994; 219 (3): 937-943 | Saliva, Hirustasin |
| Sommerhoff CP, Arolas JL, Reverter D, et al. | Parasite-derived inhibitors of mast cell proteases: Templates for drug design | 2006 | First African Structural Biology Conference, FASB 2006; October 2006 | Saliva, LDTI, Hirustasin |
| Sommerhoff CP, Söllner C; Mentele R et al. | A Kazal-type inhibitor of human mast cell Tryptase: Isolation from the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis, characterization, and sequence analysis | 1994 | Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler 1994; 375: 685-694 | Saliva, LDTI |
| Sonal C & Pankaj K | Effect of leech therapy in non healing ulcer WSR to Dustavruna: An observational study | 2014 | Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 2014; 13 (3): 104-108 | Wound Healing, Ulcer |
| Sonani SR & Dudhamal TS | Leech therapy and adjuvant Ayurveda treatment in the management of diabetic foot ulcer with atherosclerosis | 2023 | Publication ahead of print | Wound Healing, Diabetic Foot, Ulcer |
| Sonekar R, Bansode SB & Sonekar A | Role of Jalaukavacharana (Leech therapy) and Panchavalakala Kwath Dhawan in the management of chronic non healing wound (Dushta Vrana) | 2019 | World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2019; 8 (4): 905-913 | Wound Healing, Dermatology, Ayurveda |
| Soucacos PN, Beris AE, Malizos KN, Xenacis & Georgoulis A | Successful treatment of venous congestion in free skin flaps using medicinal leeches | 1994 | Microsurgery 1994; 15: 496-501 | Surgery |
| Soucacous PN, Beris AE, Malizos KN, Kabani TC & Pakos S | The use of medicinal leeches, Hirudo medicinalis, to restore venous circulation in trauma and reconstructive surgery | 1994 | International Angiology 1994; 13 (3): 251-258 | Surgery |
| Soucek W | Eine neue Indikation für die Blutegelbehandlung: Die rheumatische periarthrale Schwellung | 1941 | Thesis, Berlin 1941 | Rheumatism |
| Spaans AJ, van Minnen LP, Kon M, Schuurmann AH, Schreuders AR & Vermeulen GM | Conservative treatment of thumbbase osteoarthritis: A systematic review | 2015 | Journal of Hand Surgery, 2015; 40 (1): 16-21 | Osteoarthritis (thumb), Orthopaedics |
| Spahn G, Rieckmann T, Michalsen A, Lüdtke R & Dobos GJ | Longterm results and adverse effects of leech therapy in osteoarthritis | 2005 | Focus on Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2005; 1: 34 | Osteoarthritis |
| Spear M | Medicinal leech therapy: Friend or foe | 2016 | Plastic Surgical Nursery 2016; 36 (3): 121-125 | Review Article |
| Spiers E | Managing vascular compromise of hand and digit replantation following traumatic amputation | 2018 | British Journal of Nursing 2018; 27 (20): 50-56 | Surgery |
| Sproll C, Lommen J, Balasiu A, Schorn L, Kübler NR, Henrich B, Kramand R & Petersdorf S.. | Lethal Aeromonas veronii sepsis in the course of medicinal leech therapy | 2022 | Antibiotics 2022; 11 (9): 1180 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Sprott H | Kleiner Biss mit großer Wirkung - Hirudotherapie des 21. Jahrhunderts | 2018 | Rheuma 2018; 1: 1-4 | Pain, Rheumatism |
| Sravani ND & Reddy KV | Role of Jaloukavacharana in management of Raktharshas (Thrombosed hemorrhoids) | 2022 | International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research 2022; 10 (8): 90-93 | Haemorrhoids |
| Sreenath PS & Gopikrishna Bj | Clinical efficacy of Jalaukavacharana (Leech therapy) in sub conjunctival haemorrhage - A case study | 2021 | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine 2021; 6: 299-302 | Haemorrhage |
| Srivastava A & Sharma R | A brief review on applications of leech therapy | 2010 | Archives of Applied Science Research, 2010; 2 (2): 271-274 | Therapy |
| Srivastava P & Mangal G | Outcome of Jalaukavacharan (Medicinal leech therapy) in varicose vein - A case report | 2019 | International Journal of Ayurveda and Traditional Medicine 2019; 1 (1): 16-20 | Dermatology, Varicose Vein |
| Stange R | Therapie mit Blutegeln | 2008 | Erfahrungsheilkunde (EHK), 2008; 57: 598-603 | Osteoarthritis, Review Article, Therapy |
| Stange R, Moser C, Hopfenmüller W, Mansmann U, Bühring M & Ühleke B | Randomised controlled trial with medical leeches for osteoarthritis of the knee | 2012 | Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 2012; 20 (1): 1-7 | Osteoarthritis |
| Steer A, Daley AJ & Curtis N | Suppurative sequelae of symbiosis | 2005 | The Lancet 2005; 365 (9454): 188 | Surgery |
| Stemann A & Elberg JJ | Microsurgical replantation and postoperative leech treatment of a large severed nasal segment | 2012 | Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery 2012; 46 (6): 444-446 | Surgery, Nose replantation |
| Sternberg J, Doerler M, Stuecker M & Gambichler T | Pseudolymphomas after leech therapy | 2017 | Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft JDDG, 2017; 15: 154-155 | Pharmacovigilance, Pseudolymphoma, Dermatology |
| Stern-Tomlinson W, Nusbaum MP, Perez E & Kristan WB | A kinematic study of crawling behavior in the leech Hirudo medicinalis | 1986 | Journal of Comparative Physiology, 1986; 158: 593-603 | Biology, Muscular System |
| Stock D, Diezemann R, Ell N & Gottstein J | Bringt die lokale Blutegelwirkstoffapplikation Vorteile für die Mobilisierung operierter Gelenke? | 1979 | Therapiewoche, 1979; 29: 2626-2632 | Orthopaedics, Surgery, Leech Ointment |
| Stock F | Der Einsatz von Blutegeln zur symptomatischen Schmerztherapie bei Patienten mit Arthrose des Kniegelenks | 2009 | Dissertation Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (Medizinische Fakultät) | Osteoarthritis |
| Stokoz KY & Bystritskaya TS | Leech therapy in women with a history of primary ologomenorrhoea | 2016 | Amyp… (Russian Journal) 2016; 3-4 (15-16): 106-108 | Menorrhoea, Endometriosis |
| Stölzle A | Zur perkutanen Resorption und Immunogenität der Proteinaseinhibitoren Hirudin, Eglin und Bdellin aus dem Blutegel Hirudo medicinalis | 1983 | Dissertation, München 1983 | Saliva, Hirudin, Eglin, Bdellin, Transdermal Kinetics, Leech Ointment |
| Stone SR & Hofsteenge J | Kinetics of the inhibition of thrombin by hirudin | 1986 | Biochemistry, 1986; 25: 4622-4628 | Hirudin, Anticoagulation |
| Storck U | Blutegel, Lebende Medikamente | 2000 | Marburger Senioren-Kolleg + IGS. Reihe Gerontologie. Marburg 2000: 36-37 | Review Article, Rheumatism, Osteoarthritis, Dermatology |
| Storck U | Das Anwendungsgebiet der Blutegeltherapie bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen: Erfahrungen aus 35-jähriger Anwendung an einem rheumatologischen Zentrum | 2012 | In: Michalsen A, Roth M: Blutegeltherapie. Haug; Stuttgart 2012: 64-69 | Review Article, Rheumatism |
| Straaten T | Die Blutegeltherapie der Thrombose | 1933 | Deutsche Zeitschrift für Chirurgie, 1933; 238: 513-518 | Thrombosis |
| Stratton MS, Ammar A, Wang Y, Hessein M, Guns E, Kucuk O, Merzouk A & Kwok D | BPS-001, a complex biologic agent from the medicinal leech (Hirudinaria manillensis) for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer | 2016 | Journal of Clinical Oncology 2016; 34 (2): 209 | Pharmacology, Prostate Cancer |
| Streit L, Dvorak Z, Novak O, Stiborova S & Vesely J | The use of medicinal leeches in fingertip replantation without venous anastomosis – case report of a 4-year old patient | 2014 | Acta Chirurgiae Plasticae, 2014; 56 (1): 23-26 | Surgery |
| Stringer KA & Lindenfeld J | Hirudin antithrombin anticoagulants | 1992 | Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 1992; 26: 1535-1540 | Hirudin, Anticoagulation |
| Strittmatter W, Gussow D, Hofmann U et al. | Protein for blocking platelet adhesion. | 2006 | Pub. No. 20060094079; May 4, 2006 | Saliva, Calin, Saratin, Patent |
| Strittmatter W, Gussow D, Hofmann U et al. | Protein for blocking platelet adhesion | 2004 | US Patent 6,774,107. August 10, 2004. | Saliva, Calin, Saratin, Patent |
| Strümper HJ | Blutegeltherapie gestern und heute | 1963 | Süddeutsche Apotheker-Zeitung, 1963; 103 (44): 1457-1466 | Therapy, History |
| Stubbs MT, Morenweiser R, Stürzebecher J et al. | The three-dimensional structure of recombinant leech-derived tryptase inhibitor in complex with trypsin | 1997 | The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1997; 272 (32): 19931-19937 | Saliva, LDTI |
| Subritzkij WI | Die Behandlung des Priapismus mit Blutegeln | 1960 | Urologija (Moskva), 1960: 61-62 | Urology, Priapism |
| Sudeepa, Gururaj D & Sneha A | A survey study on leech storage practices in Ayurveda hospitals | 2022 | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2022; 7 (3): 17-22 | Breeding, Storage |
| Sudhadevi M | Leech therapy: A holistic treatment | 2020 | International Journal of Advanced Research in Nursing 2020; 3 (1): 130-132 | Review Article |
| Sukhov V | Hirudotherapy and inflammatory processes: Chronic sinusitis | 2015 | Integrative Medicine Research 2015; 4 (1): 79 | Sinusitis |
| Sulger E & Bozsin T | Über die postoperative Thrombose und Embolie sowie ihre therapeutische und prophylaktische Behandlung mit Blutegeln | 1929 | Deutsche Zeitschrift für Chirurgie, 1929; 216: 174-187 | Anticoagulation, Thrombosis, Embolism |
| Sullivan SR & Taylor HO | Ear replantation | 2014 | New England Journal of Medicine, 2014; 370 (16):1541 | Surgery |
| Surendranth D, Rao PN, Gopikrishna BJ & Pathak A | Role of leeches in peri-orbital lacerations healed by primary intention | 2016 | International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 2016; 7 (1): 88-93 | Haematoma, Wound Healing |
| Surugiu V | On the presence of the European medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalisLinnaeus, 1758 (Annelida: Hirudinea) in Romania | 2018 | Travaux du Museum National d`Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" 2018; 61 (1): 7-11 | Biology, Epidemiology |
| Suter S & Chevallier I | The effect of eglinc on the function of human neutrophils in vitro | 1988 | Biological Chemistry Hoppe Seyler, 1988; 369: 573-578 | Saliva, Eglin |
| Syed AA & Mehta A | Target specific anticoagulant peptides: A review | 2018 | International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics 2018: 1-12 | Biology, Pharmacology |
| Tabasum H | Efficacy of Unani medications and Taleq (leech therapy) in the management of Taqashshur Jild (Psoriasis). A case report | 2018 | World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2018; 7 (9): 832-837 | Dermatology, Psoriasis |
| Talbi M, Stussi JD & Meley M | Microsurgical replantation of a totally amputated ear without venous repair | 2001 | Journal of reconstructive microsurgery, 2001; 17 (6): 417-420 | Surgery |
| Talebi SS, Roudsari AT, Zolhavarieh SM, Majidi L, Ghiasi H, Poorolajal J & Vafaci SA | Comparison of the pain-killing effects of leech therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A double-blind randomized clinical trial | 2022 | Biomedical Research and Therapy. Vietnamese Journal for Medical Biotechnology and Medicine Incorporating Advances in Regenerative Medicine 2022; 9 (6): 5094-5100 | Knee Osteoarthritis |
| Talukdar P, Shivani AC & Rao PN | Integrated approach towards management of venous ulcer with Nimba Tila Kalka: A case report | 2023 | Journal of Ayurveda & Holistic Medicine 2023; 11 (5): 88-96 | Wound Healing, Ulcer |
| Tambuwala A, Kaul D, Bohra T & Antula RA | Leech therapy in the management of congested free flaps | 2016 | Universal Research Journal of Dentistry 2016; 6: 25-28 | Review Article |
| Tan O, Atik B & Koscoglu B | An easy and safe method to apply leeches on flaps: The leech cage | 2004 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2004; 113 (1): 466-467 | Surgery |
| Tanaka AS, Silva MM, Torquato RJS et al.: | Functional phage display of leech-derived tryptase inhibitor (LDTI) : construction of a library and selection of thrombin inhibitors | 1999 | FEBS Letters, 1999; 458 (1): 11-16 | Saliva, LDTI |
| Taneja P & Rowson J | National survey of the use and application of leeches in oral and maxillofacial surgery in the United Kingdom | 2011 | British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2011; 49 (6): 438-441 | Surgery, Procedure |
| Tanzeel A & Mohd A | Clinical importance of leech therapy | 2009 | Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2009; 8 (3): 443-445 | Review Article, Therapy, Venesection |
| Tarazjamshidi M, Bagheri F, Mirkazemi M, Amelfarzad S, Ashraf H, Azami M & Perivandi MT | Leech therapy in nearly amputation of fingers without vascular repair: A case report | 2014 | Iran Red Crescent Medical Journal, 2014; 16 (5): e6897 | Surgery |
| Techmer G | Die Blutegelbehandlung | 1990 | Naturheilpraxis, 1990: 656-660 | Therapy |
| Tekin C, Tekellioglu M, Sekerci G & Ozcan A | Traditional and complementary medicine use in multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional study. | 2022 | Annals of Medical Research 2022; 29 (9): 1043-1048 | Multiple Sclerosis, Complementary Medicine |
| Temiz SA, Özer I, Ataseven A, Dursun R & Findik S | Cutaneous pseudolymphoma due to hirudotherapy | 2019 | Turkish Society for Parasitology 2019; 43: 50-52 | Pharmacovigilance, Pseudolymphoma |
| Tenkir A & Tibebu T | Leech on the eye in a child | 2010 | Ethiopian Medical Journal, 2010; 48 (2): 177-180 | Hirudiniasis |
| Tessler M, de Carle D, Voiklis ML, Gresham OA, Neumann J, Cios S & Siddall ME | Worms that suck: Phylogenetic analysis of Hirudinea solidifies the position of Acanthobdellida and necessitates the dissolution of Phynchobdellida | 2018 | Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2018; 17 May | Biology |
| Teut M & Warning A | Blutegel, Phytotherapie und Physiotherapie bei Gonarthrose – eine geriatrische Fallstudie | 2008 | Forschende Komplementärmedizin, 2008; 15 (5): 8 | Osteoarthritis |
| Thakur I, Reddy S, Patil S & Rajendra K | Hirudotherapy in dentistry | 2016 | International Journal of Oral Health Sciences 2016; 6 (2): 65-69 | Dentistry |
| Tholen GA | Die Behandlung postoperativer und puerperaler Thrombosen und Embolien | 1927 | Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 1927; 142: 1107 | Thrombosis, Embolism |
| Thorndike TW | A history of bleeding and leeching | 1927 | Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 1927; 197: 473-477 | History |
| Tian J, Iwasaki T & Friesen OW | Muscle function in animal movement: passive mechanical properties of leech muscle | 2007 | Journal of Comparative Physiolgy, 2007; 193: 1205-1219 | Biology, Muscular System |
| Tib TWS, Iqbal A & Advia I | Historical aspects of leech therapy: A critical review | 2013 | International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 2013; 3 (7): 78-83 | History |
| Tibbles S | The use of leeches in eye diseases | 1935 | British Medical Journal, 1935; 2: 785 | Ophthalmology |
| Tilyakhodjaeva G | Hirudotherapy as a method of treatment of arterial hypertension | 2022 | Bulletin of Science and Practice 2022: 452-455 | Hypertension |
| Tirik N, Ünal K, Ayhan H, Memmedova L & Elci MP | In vitro effect of medicinal leech saliva extract on proliferation, wound healing and apoptosis in breast fibroblast cell line | 2022 | International Science and Innovation Congress, Turkey 2022 | Saliva, Wound Healing, Pharmacology |
| Titlow J, Majeed ZR, Nicholls JG & Cooper RL | Intracellular recording, sensory field mapping, and culturing identified neurons in the leech, Hirudo medicinalis | 2013 | Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2013; 81 | Neurons |
| Tomina Y & Wagenaar DA | Whole ganglion imaging of voltage in the medicinal leech using a double-sided microscope | 2017 | bioRxiv Preprint 2 JUN 2017 | Biology |
| Traina G & Scuri R | Acetyl-L-Carnitine affects the electrical activity of mechanosensory neurons in Hirudo medicinalis ganglia | 2017 | Euromediterranean Biomedical Journal 2017; 12 (8): 36-40 | Breeding, L-Carnitine |
| Trak G | Hirudotherapy and use in surgery | 2019 | Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research 2019; 3: 47-54 | Surgery, Review |
| Trenholme N, Masseau I & Reinero CR | Hirudotherapy (medicinal leeches) for treatment of upper airway obstruction in a dog | 2021 | International Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 2017; published online 12 July 2021 | Veterinary Medicine |
| Tripathi AK, Gupta SJ & Varshney SC | Haematological study in patients with cellulitis treated by leech therapy | 2011 | Journal of Research and Education in Indian Medicine, 2011; 17 (3-4): 95-100 | Dermatology, Cellulitis, Wound Healing |
| Tripthi P & Ashalata M | Hirudotherapy - Modern twist to ancient science and its relevance in maxillofacial region - A review article | 2015 | International Journal of Innovation Sciences adn research 2015; 4 (12): 535-545 | Review |
| Troeltzsch M, Troeltzsch M, Probst FA, Ristow O, Ehrenfeld M & Otto S | Current concepts in salvage procedures for failing microvascular flaps: Is there a superior technique? Insights from a systematic review of the literature | 2016 | International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2016; 45 (11): 1378-1387 | Surgery Review Article |
| Tronnier H | Weitere experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Wirksamkeit einer Hirudin-haltigen Salbe | 1969 | Der Hausarzt, 1969; 20: 114-116 | Leech Ointment, Hirudin |
| Trontelj A & Utevsky SY | Celebrity with a neglected taxonomy: molecular systematic of the medicinal leech (genus Hirudo) | 2005 | Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2005; 34: 616-624 | Hirudo medicinalis, Taxonomy |
| Trontelj A & Utevsky SY | Phylogeny and phylogeography of medicinal leeches (genus Hirudo): Fast disposal and shallow genetic structure | 2012 | Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2012; 63: 475-485 | Hirudo medicinalis |
| Trontelj P, Scotler M & Verovnk R | Genetic differentiation between two species of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis and the neglected H. verbana, based on random-amplified polymorphic DNA | 2004 | Parasitology Research, 2004; 94: 118-124 | Hirudo medicinalis, Taxonomy |
| Trovato MJ & Agarwal JP | Successful Replantation of the ear as a venous flap | 2008 | Annals of Plastic Surgery, 2008; 61 (2): 164-168 | Surgery |
| Tschoerner P & Zebe E | Ammonia formation in the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis - In vivo and in vitro investigations | 1989 | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 1989; 94A (2): 187-194 | Biology, Breeding |
| Tuncali D, Terzioglu A, Cigsar B & Aslan G | The value of medicinal leeches in the treatment of class IIc ring avulsion injuries; a report of 2 cases | 2004 | Journal of Hand Surgery, 2004; 29 (5): 943-946 | Surgery |
| Tupikowska M, Woziniak Z, Wojchiechowska-Zdrojowy JM, Maj J & Jankowska-Konsur A | Hirudotherapy - A rare case of pseudolymphoma | 2018 | Advances in Dermatology 2018; 35 (2): 225-226 | Pharmacovigilance, Pseudoplymphoma, Dermatology |
| Tushmalova NA, Pragina LL, Baskova IP et al. | Positive effect of Piyavit on formation and retention of the passive avoidance conditional reaction in rats | 2001 | Zy Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova, 2001; 51 (2): 252-253 | Piyavit, Pharmacology, Leech Ointment |
| Tuszynski GP, Gasic TB & Gasic GJ | Isolation and characterization of Antistasin. An inhibitor of metastasis and coagulation | 1987 | The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1987; 262 (20): 9718-9723 | Haementeria officinalis, Saliva, Antistasin, Anticoagulation |
| Ugural B & Serezli R | Effects of various environments on number of cocoon and offsprings in breeding of southern medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana Carena 1820 | 2020 | Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2020; 37 (3): 207-211 | Leech Breeding |
| Ugural B, Serezli R, Hamzacebi S & Ciftci H | Medical applications of medicinal leeches and its breeding techniques | 2018 | The 4th International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences 2018 | Therapy, Breeding |
| Ugural B, Serezli R, Hamzacebi S, Öztürk F & Gündüzi H | Medicinal leeches: Assessment of ecoloigical and economical situations in Turkey | 2017 | Izmir Katip Celebi Universitesi ISEEP 2017 | Review, Turkey |
| Ünal K | Effects of lyophilized saliva extract on in vitro cell migration and apoptotic necrotic cell death on the human breast cancer cell line (MDAS-MB-231) | 2023 | International Conference of Biochemists and Molecular Biologists, Sarajewo, 18-20 May 2023 | Pharmacology, Cancer, Cell Line |
| Ünal K, Erol ME & Ayhan H | Literature review on the effectiveness of medicinal leech therapy in the wound healing | 2023 | Ankara Medical Journal 2023; 1: 151-164 | Review, Surgery, Ulcer, Wound Healing, Venous Congestion |
| Upton J | Hirudo medicinalis: A tenacious clinical tool | 1986 | British Association of Leech Scientists, Leech Newsletter 1, 1986 | Review Article |
| Upton J | Leeches | 1987 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1987; 79: 311 | Surgery |
| Uson I, Sheldrick GM, de la Fortelle et al. | The 1.2 A crystal structure of Hirustasin reveals the intrinsic flexibility of a family of highly disulphide-bridged inhibitors | 1999 | Structure, 1999; 1: 55-63 | Saliva, Hirustasin |
| Utevsky SY | Patterns of specification and phylogenesis of leeches (Hirudinida) | 2014 | Dissertation Universität Kiev 2014 | Leeches, Taxonomy, Demography, Specification, Phylogenesis |
| Utevsky SY & Trontelj P | A new species of the medicinal leech (Oligochaeta, Hirudina, Hirudo) from Transcaucasia and an identification key for the genus Hirudo | 2005 | Parasitology Research, 2005; 98: 61-66 | Leeches, Taxonomy |
| Utevsky SY, Kovalenko N, Doroskenko K, Petrauskiene L & Klymenko V | Chromosome numbers for three species of medicinal leeches (Hirudo spp.) | 2009 | Systematic Parasitology,2009; 74: 95-102 | Leeches, Taxonomy |
| Utevsky SY, Zagmajster M, Atemasov A, Zinenko A, Utevska O, Utevsky A & Trontelj P | Distribution and status of medicinal leeches (genus Hirudo) in the Western Palaeartic: anthropogenic, ecological, or historical effects | 2010 | Aquatic Conservation: Maritime Freshwater Ecosystem, 2010; 20: 198-210 | Leeches, Taxonomy, Demography |
| Utley DS, Koch RJ & Goode RL | The failing flap in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery: role of the medicinal leech | 1998 | Laryngoscope, 1998; 108: 1129-1135 | Surgery |
| Uyanege PP | Evaluation of the efficacy of leech application in the management of immature cataract | 2019 | Yaris 2019; Abstract, University of Kelaniya, Yakkala | Ophthalmology, Cataract |
| Uzun G, Ozdemir A, Yildiz S & Tanyuksel M | To suck or not to suck: Medicinal leech therapy for lower extremity wounds in patients with peripheral arterial disease | 2016 | International World Journal 2016; 13 (3): 429-430 | Pharmacovigilance, Ulcer |
| Vadas P, Gold M, Perelman B et al. | Platelet-Activating Factor, PAF Acetylhydrolase, and Severe Anaphylaxis | 2008 | New England Journal of Medicine, 2008, 358 (1): 28-35 | Saliva, PAF-Inhibitor, Anaphylaxis |
| Vaesken C, Besnier P, Bernardeau C, Garmi R, Malherbe M, Mouet A, Michon J, Muzard A, Isnard C & Bazin I | Improvement of patient care through hirudotherapy and the management of leeches from their reception to their disposal in France | 2022 | European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 2022; online pub | Surgery, Review Article; Standard Protocol |
| Vaghela CB | A comparative study of split thickness skin (STSG) with Jalaukavacharan and without Jalaukavacharan in the management of Dushta Vrana (Chronic non-healing ulcer) | 2022 | Intenational Journal of Pharmaceutical and Bio-Medical Science 2022; 05: 96-103 | Ulcer, Dermatology, Wound Healing |
| Vaibhaw A, Antiwal M, Singh JP & Singh OP | Leech therapy (Jalaukavacharan) in Ayurveda medicine: A scientific review | 2016 | International Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Science 2016; 6 (4): 503-517 | Review, Leech therapy, Ayurveda |
| Valauri FA | The use of medicinal leeches in microsurgery | 1991 | Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis, 1991; 2: 185-187 | Surgery, History, Review Article |
| Vallejo JR & Gonzales JA | The medical use of leeches in contemporary spain: Between science and tradition | 2015 | Acta medico-historica Adriatica 2015; 13 (1): 131-158 | Review Article, History |
| Van Alphen NA, Gonzalez A, McKenna MC, McKenna TK, Carlsen BT & Moran SL | Ciprofloxacin-resistant Aeromonas infection following leech therapy for digit replantation: Report of 2 cases | 2014 | The Journal of Hand Surgery, 2014; 39 (3): 499-502 | Pharmacovigilance, Surgery, Aeromonas, Ciprofloxacin |
| Van Heiningen TW | Jean-Baptiste Sarlandière‘s mechanical leeches (1817-1825): An early response in the Netherlands to a shortage of leeches | 2009 | Medical History, 2009; 53 (2): 253-270 | History |
| Vardhan SA, Balakrishnan TV, Rao SD, Rao MB, Kumar S & Reddy VB | A clinical study on the efficacy of Jalaukawacharana in the management of janu sandhigata vata w.s.r to osteoarthritis of knee joint | 2012 | Ancient Science of Life 2012; 32 (Suppl): S120 | Osteoarthritis |
| Vargas N, Manon V & Castro-Nunez J | Clinical implementations and complications of hirudotherapy in plastic and reconstructive surgery and modern medicine | 2023 | International Journal of Innovative Surgery 2023; 6 (1): 1-8 | Surgery |
| Varghese MR, Farr RW, Wax, MK, Brett JC & Owens RM | Vibrio fluvialis wound infection associated with medicinal leech therapy | 1996 | Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1996; 22: 709-710 | Surgery, Infections, Vibrio fluvialis |
| Varisco PA, Peclat V, van Ness K et al. | Effect of thrombin inhibition on synovial inflammation in antigen induced arthritis | 2000 | Annals of Rheumatic Diseases, 2000; 59: 781-787 | Osteoarthritis, Anti-Inflammation, Anticoagulation, Hirudin, Pharmacology |
| Varsha S & Pradeep K | Role of leech therapy in the management of Vidradhi (Amavastha and Pachyamanavastha) | 2017 | World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences 2017; 3 (9): 67-70 | Dermatology, Abscesses |
| Varsha S, Niraj S & Pradeep K | Leech therapy (Jalaukavacharana) - A novel gift from Ayurveda for treatment of medico-surgical diseases | 2020 | Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 2020; 11 (6): 845-852 | Review, Ayurveda |
| Varsha S, Niraj S & Pradeep K | Leech therapy (Jalaukavacharana) - A gift for treatment of medico-surgical diseases | 2020 | International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020; 11 (3): 4742-4749 | Review |
| Vasei N & Jahangiri K | Leech therapy of nipple-areolar complex (NAC) congestion in reduction mammoplasty: A case report | 2021 | Clinical Case Reports 2021; 9 (10): 1-4 | Surgery |
| Venkatagiri R | Management of varicose ulcer by Jalukavacharana an Ayurvedic parasurgical procedure - A case study | 2019 | Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 2018; 4 (5-6): 114-120 | Dermatology, Varicose Ulcer, Wound Healing |
| Verma PL & Kohli GS | Leech: a rare cause of epistaxis | 1965 | Goa Medical College (Indien), 1965: 90-91 | Hirudiniasis, Epistaxis |
| Verriere B, Sabatier B, Carbonelle E, Mainardi JI, Prognon P, Whitaker I, Lantieri L & Hivelin M | Medicinal leech therapy and Aeromonas spp. infection | 2016 | European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 2016; 35 (6): 1001-1006 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Aeromonas, Surgery |
| Viard J | L‘extrait de sangsues dans le traitement des ulcères de jambe et les troubles trophiques postphlébitiques anciens | 1954 | Dissertation Paris 1954 | Leech Ointment, Leg Ulcer, Phlebitis |
| Vigani A, Schnoke A & Pozzi A | Maggot debridement and leech therapy of a partial digital amputation injury in a dog | 2000 | The Lancet 2000; 356 (9236): 1174 | Veterinary Medicine |
| Vigani A, Schnoke A & Pozzi A | Maggot debridement and leech therapy as treatment of a partial digital amputation injury in a dog | 2011 | Wounds, 2011; 23 (5): 9-15 | Veterinary Medicine |
| Vilahur G, Duran X, Juan-Babot O et al. | Antithrombotic effects of saratin on human atherosclerotic plaques | 2004 | Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 2004; 92: 191-2004 | Saliva, Calin, Saratin |
| Virely | Les sangsues dans le traitement des phlébites | 1928 | Dissertation Lyon 1928 | Phlebitis |
| Viviano SL & Keith J | Early experience using anastomotic couplers in digital replantation and revascularization | 2017 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2017; 5 (2S): 15 | Surgery, Digits |
| Viviano SL, Hahn E, Lee ES & Keith JD | The leech condo: An innovative approach to containing leeches on a congested flap | 2015 | Eplasty 2015; 15:ic21 | Surgery |
| Voge C & Lehnherr SM | Leeches | 1999 | Nursing, 1999; 29 (11): 46-47 | Review Article |
| Vogler P | Prostatitis | 1964 | Physiotherapie 1964: 240-241 | Urology, Prostatitis |
| Vorster R | Über die Behandlung mit Blutegeln | 1936 | Hippokrates, 1936; 7: 228-229 | Therapy |
| Vorster R | Die Verhütung von postoperativen Thrombosen und Embolien | 1937 | Die Medizinische Welt, 1937; 42: 1463-1464 | Thrombosis, Embolism, Anticoagulation |
| Vorster R | Thrombose und Embolieprophylaxe | 1938 | Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1938; 85 (28): 1066 | Thrombosis, Embolism, Anticoagulation |
| Wade JW, Brabham RF & Allen RJ | Medical leeches: once again at the forefront of medicine | 1990 | Southern Medical Journal, 1990; 83 (19): 1168-1173 | Therapy |
| Wagenaar DA | A classic model animal in the 21st century: Recent lessons from the leech nervous system | 2015 | Journal of Experimental Biology 2015; 218: 3353-3359 | Biology |
| Wagenaar DA, Hamilton MS, Huang T et al. | A hormone-activated central pattern generator for courtship | 2010 | Current Biology, 2010; 20 (6): 487-495 | Biology |
| Wagenheim GN, Au J & Gargiolo PC | Medicinal leech therapy for glans penis congestion after primary bladder exstrophy-epispadias repair in an infant: A case report | 2016 | Urology, 2016; 87: 193-195 | Surgery, Paediatrics |
| Waghmare GA | Medicinal leech therapy in Alopecia areata patchy (Khalitya) - A case report | 2019 | International Journal of AYUSH 2019; 3 (3): 206-211 | Dermatology, Alopecia areata |
| Wagner JA, Kendler M, Simon JC & Wetzig T | Hirudo medicinalis – Blutegel-Anwendung in der Dermatochirurgie | 2010 | Journal Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft, 2010; 8 (7): 547-548 | Surgery, Dermatology |
| Wagner L | Blutegel- wertvolle Helfer aus früher Zeit | 2005 | Der Heilpraktiker und Volksheilkunde, 2005: 26-32 und Naturheilpraxis, 2005: 975-979 | Hirudo medicinalis, Therapy, Biology |
| Wagner R | Über die Verweildauer von Syphilisspirochäten im Blutegel | 1934 | Dermatologische Zeitschrift, 1934; 70: 11-13 | Pharmacovigilance, Syphilis |
| Wagner T, Slater N & Ulrich D | Treating a subtotal degloving ring avulsion with leeches: An unusual case report with review of the literature | 2019 | European Journal of Plastic Surgery 2019, in press | Surgery, Finger Reconstruction |
| Waldeyer-Sauerland M | Letter to the editor (Comment on "The effectiveness of leech therapy in chronic low back pain; Hohmann et al. 2018) | 2019 | Deutsches Ärzteblatt 2019; 116 (15): 267 | Low Back Pain |
| Walenga JM, Bakhos M, Messmore HL, Fareed J & Pifarre R | Potential use of recombinant hirudin as an anticoagulant in a cardiopulmonary bypass model | 1991 | The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 1991; 51: 271-277 | Saliva, Recombinant Hirudin |
| Walenga JM, Jeske WP, Hoppensteadt D & Fareed J | Factor X a inhibitors | 2004 | Methods in molecular medicine, 2004; 93: 95-117 | Saliva, Faktor X a-Inhibitor |
| Walenga JM, Jeske WP, Samama MM, Frapaise FX, Bick RL & Fareed J | Fondaparinux: a synthetic heparin pentasaccharide as a new antithrombotic agent | 2002 | Expert Opin Investig Drugs, 2002; 11 (3): 397-407 | Saliva, Faktor X a-Inhibitor |
| Wallis RB | Hirudine and the role of thrombin: Lessons from leeches | 1988 | Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 1988; 9 (12): 425-427 | Anticoagulation, Thrombin |
| Walsmann P | Über die Standardisierung von Hirudin-Handelspräparaten | 1964 | Blut, 1964; 10: 203-204 | Leech Ointment |
| Walsmann P | Über den Einsatz des spezifischen Thrombininhibitors Hirudin für diagnostische und biochemische Untersuchungen | 1988 | Die Pharmazie, 1988; 43 (11): 737-744 | Hirudin |
| Walsmann P | Isolation and characterization of hirudin from Hirudo medicinalis | 1991 | Seminars in Thrombosis and Memostasis, 1991; 17 (2): 83-87 | Hirudin |
| Walsmann P & Markwardt F | Biochemische und pharmakologische Aspekte des Thrombinihibitors Hirudin | 1981 | Die Pharmazie, 1981; 36 (10): 653-660 | Hirudin |
| Walton RL, Beahm EK, Brown RE, Upton J, Reinke K, Fudem G, Banis J, Davidson J, Dabb R, Kalimuthu R, Kitzmiller WJ, Gottlieb LJ & Buncke HJ | Microsurgical replantation of the lip: a multi-institutional experience | 1998 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1998; 102 (2): 358-368 | Surgery, Review Article |
| Walz B | Light-induced changes of extra- and intracellular potassium concentration in photoreceptors of the leech Hirudo medicinalis | 1985 | Journal of Comparative Physiology, 1985; 157: 198-210 | Biology, Nervous System |
| Wang EW , Warren DK, Ferris VM, Casabar E & Nussenbaum B | Leech-transmitted Ciprofloxacin-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila | 2011 | Archives of Otolaryngology, 2011; 137 (2): 190-193 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Aeromonas hydrophila, Resistance to Antibiotics |
| Wang G, Long C, Liu W, Xu C, Zhang M, Li Q, Lu Q, Meng P, Li D, Rong M, Sun Z, Luo X & Lai R | Novel sodium inhibitor from leeches | 2018 | Frontiers in Pharmacology 2018;9: 186 | Biology, Pharmacology, Saliva |
| Wang G, Long C, Liu W, Xu C, Zhang M, Li Q, Meng P, Li D & Rong M | Novel sodium channel inhibitor from leeches | 2018 | Frontiers in Pharmacology 2018: 10.3389 | Saliva, Biology |
| Wang H, Zhang J & Chen L | The efficacy and safety of medical leech therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | 2018 | International Journal of Surgery 2018; 54A: 53-61 | Osteoarthritis |
| Wang WZ, Emes RD, Christoffers K et al. | Hirudo medicinalis: A platform for investigating genes in neural repair | 2005 | Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 2005; 25 (2): 427-440 | Hirudo medicinalis, Genomics |
| Wang X, Niu M, Wu SN, Hu HVV, Liu XY, MA SY et al. | Leeches attenuate blood hyperviscosity and related metabolic disorders in rats differently than aspirin | 2019 | Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2019; in press | Pharmacology |
| Wang Z & Upchurch DA | Anaemia following medical leech therapy for caudal superficial epigastric skin flap salvage in a Shorthaired Chihuahua | 2021 | VetRecord Case Reports; online publ. 27 SEP 2021 | Veterinary Medicine, Dog |
| Wani KR, Nayab M, Ansari AN & Anwar M | Efficacy of Irsal-i-Alaq (hirudotherapy) in the management of venous ulcer: A case report | 2023 | Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 2023; 13 (6): 14-17 | Wound Healing, Ulcer |
| Wani P, Ali H % Riaz A | A case report of efficacy of Irsal-E-Alq (leech therapy) in management of Qarooh-E-Khabeesah (non-healing ulcers) | 2019 | Journal of Healthcare and Nursing Research 2019; publ. Online | Wound Healing, Ulcer |
| Ward C, Craw L, Cherian A, Delos-Reyes M & Joseph S | Medicinal leeches: Taking a bite out of venous congestion | 2008 | Nursing 2008; 38 (11): 28-30 | Surgery, Procedure |
| Warketin TE, Maurer BT & Aster RH | Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia associated with fondaparinux | 2007 | New England Journal of Medicine, 2007; 356 (25): 2653-2655 | Saliva, Faktor X a-Inhibitor |
| Watt E | Are medicinal leeches an infection hazard? | 1987 | Microbiological Sciences, 1987; 4 (12): 366 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Aeromonas |
| Weiler P | Untersuchungen über die antibiotische Wirkung an Blutegeln, Blutegelbakterien und deren keimfreiem Filtrat | 1949 | Experientia, 1949; 5 (2): 446-447 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Antibiosis |
| Weinberg SL | New medicine from old-hirudin and the leech | 1994 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1994; 23 (2): 544-545 | Therapy |
| Weinberg SL | President‘s page: new medicine from old hirudin and the leech | 1994 | Journal of American College of Cardiology, 1994; 23: 544-545 | Hirudin |
| Weinfeld AB, Kattash M, Grifka R & Friedman J | Leech therapy in the management of acute venous congestion of an infant‘s lower limb | 1998 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1998; 102 (5): 1611-1614 | Surgery |
| Weinfeld AB, Yuksel E, Boutros S, Gura D, Akyurek M & Friedman JD | Clinical and scientific considerations in leech therapy for the management of acute venous congestion. An updated review | 2000 | Annals of Plastic Surgery, 2000; 45: 207-212 | Surgery, Review Article |
| Weitz JI, Hudoba M, Massel D et al. | Clot-bound thrombin is protected from inhibition by Heparin-Antithrombin III but is susceptible to inactivation by Antithrombin III-independent inhibitors | 1990 | Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1990; 86: 385-391 | Hirudo medicinalis, Saliva, Anticoagulation |
| Wells MD, Maktelow RT, Boyd JB & Bowen V | The medical leech: an old treatment revisited | 1993 | Microsurgery, 1993; 14 (3): 183-186 | Therapy, Surgery |
| Wells S & Coombs W | The status and trade of the medicinal leech | 1987 | Traffic Bulletin, 1987; 8: 64-69 | Medicinal Leech Market |
| Wenning A & Cahill MA | Nephridial innervations in the leech Hirudo medicinalis | 1986 | Cell & Tissue Research, 1986; 245: 397-404 | Biology, Nervous System |
| Wenning A & Calabrese RL | Mechanism of Cl- sensitivity in internal ion receptors of the leech: an inward current gated off by Cl- in the nephridial nerve cells | 1991 | Journal of Comparative Physiology, 1991; 168: 53-61 | Biology, Nervous System |
| Wenning A, Cahill MA, Greisunger U & Kaltenhäuser U | Organogenesis in the leech: development of nephridia, bladders and their innervation | 1993 | Roux‘s Archives of Developmental Biology, 1993; 202: 329-340 | Biology, Nervous System |
| Werner T | Blutegeltherapie am Tier | 2011 | Reutlingen 2011 | Veterinary Medicine |
| Wesener G | Behandlung der oberflächlichen Thrombophlebitis | 1965 | Ärztliche Praxis, 1965; 17: 1660-1661 | Phlebitis, Thrombophlebitis, Varicosis |
| Wesener G | Zur Diagnose und Therapie der oberflächlichen Thrombophlebitis (Varicophlebitis) in der Sprechstunde | 1967 | Zeitschrift für Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten, 1967; 22: 61-68 | Phlebitis, Thrombophlebitis, Varicosis |
| West BR, Nichter LS & Halpern DE | Leech therapy: When once is enough | 1991 | Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis, 1991; 2 (1): 197-200 | Therapy, Anticoagulation |
| West BR, Nichter LS & Halpern DE | Emergent reuse leech therapy: a better method | 1994 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1994; 93 (5): 1095-1098 | Surgery, Breeding, Reuse |
| Westendorff M | Die Blutegel in der Schmerztherapie | 2022 | Naturheilpraxis 2022; 08: 30-35 | Review Article, Pain |
| Westendorff M & Sukhov KV | Blutegeltherapie - ein Segen für die Leber | 2021 | Naturheilpraxis 2021; 1: 21-25 | Hepatic Diseases, Haemorrhoids |
| Westendorff M, Kalettka T & Jueg U | Occurrence of leeches (Hirudinea) in different types of water bodies in northeast Germany (Brandenburg) | 2008 | Lauterbornia, 2008; 65: 153-162 | Biology, Leeches |
| Westfall PP | On the leech and its use in medicine | 1949 | Dissertation Basel 1949 | Therapy |
| Whitaker IS | Molecular genetic, microbiological and clinical analysisof Hirudo species (leeches). Implications for use in surgical practice. | 2009 | Utrecht 2009 | Surgery, Review Article, Biology |
| Whitaker IS Maltz M, Siddall ME & Graf J | Characterization of the digestive tract microbiota of Hirudo orientalis (Medicinal leech) and antibiotic resistance profile | 2014 | Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 2014; 133 (3): 408-418 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Resistance to Antibiotics |
| Whitaker IS, Cheung CK, Chahal CA, Karoo RQ, Gulati A & Foo IT | By what mechanism do leeches help to salvage ischaemic tissues? A review | 2005 | British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2005; 43 (2): 155-160 | Surgery, Review Article |
| Whitaker IS, Izadi D, Oliver DW, Monteath G & Butler PE | Hirudo medicinalis and the plastic surgeon | 2004 | British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2004; 57 (4): 348-353 | Surgery, Therapy |
| Whitaker IS, Josty IC, Hawkins S, Azzopardi E, Naderi N, Graf J, Damaris L, Lineaweaver WC & Kon M | Medicinal leech and the microsurgeon: a four-year study, clinical series and risk benefit review | 2011 | Microsurgery, 2011; 31 (4): 281-287 | Surgery, Review Article, Infections, Data Pooling, Aeromonas |
| Whitaker IS, Kamya C, Azzopardi EA, Graf J, Kon M & Lineaweaver WC | Preventing infective complications following leech therapy: is practice keeping pace with current research? | 2009 | Microsurgery, 2009; 29 (8): 619-625 | Surgery, Infections, Aeromonas |
| Whitaker IS, Oboumarzouk O, RozenWM, Naderi N, Balasubramanian SP, Azzopardi EA & Kon M | The efficacy of medicinal leeches in plastic and reconstructive surgery: A systematic review of 277 reported clinical cases | 2012 | Microsurgery, 2012; 32: 240-250 | Surgery, Review Article |
| Whitaker IS, Rao J, Izadi D & Butler PE | Historical article: Hirudo medicinalis: ancient origins of, and trends in the use of medicinal leeches throughout history | 2004 | British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2004; 42: 133-137 | Surgery, Review Article, History |
| White TC, Berny MA, Robinson DK, Yin H, deGrado WF, Hanson SR & McCarty OJ | The leech product saratin is a potent inhibitor of platelet integrin ?2?1 and von Willebrand factor binding to collagen | 2007 | FEBS Journal, 2007; 274 (6): 1481-1491 | Saliva, Calin, Saratin |
| Whitlock MR, O ‘Hare PM, Sanders R & Morrow NC | The medicinal leech and its use in plastic surgery: A possible cause for infection | 1983 | British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 1983; 36: 240-244 | Surgery, Pharmacovigilance, Infections |
| Wiebelitz KR & Beer AM | Naturapathy consultation: arthrosis | 2010 | Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift Fortschritte in der Medizin, 2010; 152 (28-30): 24 | Osteoarthritis, Review Article |
| Wildenrath C | Das Comeback des Blutegels. Rekombinantes Hirudin in der Anti-Thrombose-Therapie | 1995 | Fortschritte in der Medizin, 1995; 113 (3): 41 | Review Article, Therapy, Recombinant Hirudin |
| Wilken GB & Appleton CC | Bacteriological investigation of the occurrence and antibiotic sensitivities of the gut-flora of the potential Southern African medicinal leech Asiaticobella buntonemsis (Hirudinidae) | 1993 | Journal of Hospital Infection, 1993; 23: 223-228 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Hirudo Asiaticobdella buntonensis |
| Wilken GB & Appleton CC | The persistence of hepatitis B antigen in the bloodmeal of the potential medicinal leech, Asiaticobdella buntonensis | 1993 | South African Medical Journal, 1993; 83: 193-195 | Pharmacovigilance, Infections, Hirudo Asiaticobdella buntonensis |
| Wilkin PJ & Scofield AM | Growth of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, under natural and laboratory conditions | 1991 | Freshwater Biology, 1991; 25: 547-553 | Hirudo medicinalis, Biology, Breeding |
| Williams DG et al. | Medicinal leech Hyaluronidase as a potential skin penetration enhancer: in vitro permeation studies | 1990 | Journal of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, 1990; 42 (suppl.): 85 | Hyaluronidase, Skin penetration |
| Wilmer A, Slater K, Yip J, Carr N & Grant J | The role of leech water sampling in choice of prophylactic antibiotics in medical leech therapy | 2013 | Microsurgery, 2013; 33 (4): 301-304 | Pharmacovigilance, Aeromonas, Antibiotics Resistance |
| Wimhöfer H | Die Bedeutung der Blutegelbehandlung in der Therapie und Prophylaxe der postoperativen Thrombose | 1938 | Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie, 1938; 117: 397-405 | Thrombosis |
| Wingerden JJ & Oosthuizen JH | Use of the local leech Hirudo michaelseni in reconstructive plastic and hand surgery | 1997 | Plastic Surgery, 1997; 35 (1): 29-31 | Surgery, Hirudo michaelseni |
| Winkler C & Manzke U | Funde der Blutegelarten Hirudo medicinalis und Hirudo verbana in Norddeutschland unter Berücksichtigung von Amphibien als Wirtsorganismen - Ergebnisse einer Anfrage der RANA 13 | 2014 | RANA 2014; 15: 60-66 | Biology |
| Wittke-Michalsen E | Die Blutegeltherapie und ihre Wirkung auf Schmerzen bei Kniegelenksarthrose | 2004 | Naturheilpraxis, 2004: 790-801 | Osteoarthritis |
| Wittke-Michalsen E | Zur Praxis der Blutegeltherapie. | 2009 | In: Michalsen A, Roth M: Blutegeltherapie, Haug; Stuttgart; 2009: 44-49 | Therapy |
| Wittke-Michalsen E | Achtsamer Umgang mit Blutegeln in der Praxis | 2013 | Naturheilpraxis, 2013;6:67-68 | Pharmacovigilance, Procedure |
| Wittke-Michalsen E | Zur Geschichte der Blutegeltherapie | 2009 | In: Michalsen A, Roth M: Blutegeltherapie. Haug, Stuttgart; 2009: 3-9 | History |
| Wollina U, Heinig B & Nowak A | Medical leech therapy (Hirudotherapy) | 2016 | Our Dermatology Online, 2016; 7 (1): 91-96 | Review Article |
| Worthen DB | Hirudo medicinalis: the leech | 2007 | Pharmacy Practice News, 2007; 34: 11-15 | History, Breeding |
| Worthen PJ, Gode CJ & Graf J | Culture-independent characterization of the digestive-tract microbiota of the medicinal leech reveals a tripartite symbiosis | 2006 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2006; 72 (7): 4775-4781 | Aeromonas |
| Yadav CR & Guguloth R | A case study of leech therapy (Jalukavacharana) in Khalitya w.s.r. alopecia | 2017 | International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine 2017; 1 (3): 115 | Dermatology, Alopecia areata |
| Yadav S & Zhang B | An uncommon cause of unilateral nasal bleeding | 2020 | Grande Medical Journal 2020; 2 (1): 25-27 | Hirudiniasis, Epistaxis |
| Yanes O, Villanueva J, Querol E & Aviles FX | Functional screening of serine protease inhibitors in the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis monitored by intensity fading MALDI-TOF MS | 2005 | Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, 2005; 4: 1602-1613 | Saliva, Protease, Protease-Inhibitor, Eglin, Trypsin |
| Yantis MA, O‘Toole KN & Ring P | Leech therapy | 2009 | American Journal of Nursing, 2009; 109 (4): 36-42 | Surgery, Review Article, Procedure |
| Yapici AK, Durmus M, Tanyuksel M, Turkhan S, Tuzum HY & Arsenishvili A | Hirudo medicinalis - historical and biological background and their role in microsurgery | 2017 | Hand Microsurgery 2017; 6 (1): 34-38 | Surgery, Review Article |
| Yilmaz M, Ay MO, Atli M & Arikan A | Hemorrhagic shock due to hirudotherapy made with uncontrolled multiple leech bites | 2014 | Cukurova Medical Journal 2014; 39 (1): 147-151 | Pharmacovigilance, Hemorrhagic Shock |
| Yilmaz S | Believing in the benefits of traditional treatment methods and patterns of using these methods in Turkish society | 2020 | Sosyal Bilimler Arastimalari 2020; 10 (3): 941-953 | Traditional Medicine |
| Young SR, Dedwylder RD & Friesen WO | Responses of the medicinal leech to water waves | 1981 | Journal of Comparative Physiology, 1981; 144: 111-116 | Biology, Nervous System |
| Yuki H & Fishman WH | Purification and characterization of leech hyaluronic acid-endo-?-glucuronidase | 1963 | Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1963; 238 (5): 1877-1879 | Saliva, Hyaluronidase |
| Yuniar I, Atmodowirjo P & Handayani S | Leech therapy in pediatric trauma patient with facial flap | 2014 | Pediatric Critical care Medicine, 2014; 15 (4): suppl. P. 196 (Abstract 883) | Surgery, Paediatrics |
| Yusuf S, Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S et al. | Effects of Fondaparinux on mortality and reinfarction in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the OASIS-6 randomized trial | 2006 | JAMA Apr 5, 2006; 295 (13): 1519-1530 (Early publication) | Saliva, Faktor X a-Inhibitor, Fondaparinux |
| Zabkowska E & Piotrowska A | Hirudotherapy in selected dermatological applications | 2019 | Kosmetologia Es Tetyczna 2019; 5 (8) | Dermatology |
| Zabkowska E, Czerwinska-Ledwig O, Bartnicka M & Piotrowska A | Case reports and experts opinion about current use of leech therapy in dermatology and cosmetology | 2022 | Cosmetics 2022; 9, 137 | Dermatology |
| Zabolotnyi DI & Mishchanchuk NS | Hirudotherapy in presbyacuzis praecox in clean-up workers after the Chornobyl accident during the post-catastrophe years | 2019 | Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology 2019; 24: 522-536 | Hearing loss |
| Zaidi SM | Unani treatment and leech therapy saved the diabetic foot of a patient from amputation | 2016 | International Wound Journal 2016; 13 (2): 263-264 | Diabetic Foot, Gangrene, Wound Healing |
| Zaidi SM, Jameel SS, Sultana A, Zaman F & Fuzail M | Safety and efficacy of leeching therapy for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis using Indian medicinal leech | 2009 | Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2009; 8 (3): 437-442 | Osteoarthritis (knee) |
| Zaidi SM, Jameel SS, Zaman F, Jilani S, Sultana A & Khan SA | A systematic overview of the medicinal importance of sanguivorous leeches | 2011 | Alternative Medicine Review, 2011; 16 (1): 59-65 | Review Article, Saliva |
| Zakaria B | A leech in the upper airway tract: Case report in CHU Oran and review of the literature | 2015 | Translational Biomedicine Journal 2015; 6: 3 | Hirudiniasis |
| Zakian A, Ahmadi HA, Keleshter MH, Madani A, Tehrani-Sharif M, Rezaie A, Davoodi K, Kish GF & Matin AR | Study on the effect of medicinal leech therapy (Hirudo medicinal) on full-thickness excisional wound healing in the animal model | 2022 | Research in Veterinary Science 2022; in press | Pharmacology, Wound Healing |
| Zamboni WA, Lozano DD, Vitkus K, Roth AC, Stephenson LL, Kenneaster D, Suchy H, Russell RC, Corcoran J & Yen L | Single-vessel arteriovenous revascularization of the amputated ear | 1999 | Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 1999; 15 (1): 9-13 | Pharmacology, Replantation |
| Zapkuvene DV & Sinyavichene DP | Development of the salivary glands of medicinal leeches during starvation | 1976 | Lietuvos TSR Mokslu Akad. Darb. Ser., 1976, C 2: 53-66 | Hirudo medicinalis, Biology, Saliva |
| Zaradova EV | Experience with the use of leech therapy at a health resort on patients with hypertension and ischemic heart disease | 1993 | Voprosy kurortologii fizioterapii, I lechebnoi fizicheskoi kultury, 1993; 4: 38-39 | Cardio-Vascular System, Cardiology |
| Zarnigar AA | Clinical efficacy of leech therapy in varicose ulcer – a case series | 2011 | Unani Research, 2011; 1: 31-38 | Varicosis, Leg Ulcer, Wound Healing, Doppler Fluorimetry |
| Zarnigar AA | Effect of taleeq (leech therapy) in dawali (varicose veins) | 2011 | Ancient Science of Life, 2011; 30 (3): 84-91 | Varicosis, Leg Ulcer, Wound Healing, Doppler Fluorimetry |
| Zavalova LL, Basanova AV & Baskova IP | Fibrinogen-fibrin system regulators from bloodsuckers | 2002 | Biochemistry (Moscow), 2002; 67 (1): 135-142 | Saliva, Hirudin, Destabilase, Faktor XIII a-Inhibitor, Anticoagulation |
| Zavalova LL, Baskova IP & Basanova AV | Proposed mechanisms of thrombolytic action of the medicinal leech saliva | 2003 | Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 2003; 1 (suppl 1): abstract number P 1838 | Saliva, Destabilase, D-Dimers |
| Zavalova LL, Baskova IP, Barsova EV, Snezhkov EV, Akopov SB & Lopatin SA | Recombinant destabilase-lysozyme: Synthesis de novo in E.coli and action mechanism of the enzyme expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda | 2004 | Biochemistry (Moscow), 2004; 69 (7): 952-958 | Saliva, Recombinant Destabilase |
| Zavalova LL, Baskova IP, Lukyanov SA, Sass AV, Snezhkov EV, Akopov SB, Artamonova II, Archipova VS, Nesmeyanov VA, Kozlov DG,, Benevolensky SV, Kiseleva VI, Poverenny AM & Sverdlov ED | Destabilase from the medicinal leech is a representative of a novel family of lysozymes | 2000 | Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2000 (1478): 69-77 | Saliva, Destabilase |
| Zavalova LL, Kuzina EV, Levina NB & Baskova IP | Monomerization of fragment DD by destabilase from the medicinal leech does not alter the N-terminal sequence of the gamma-chain | 1993 | Thrombosis Research, 1993; 71: 241-244 | Saliva, Destabilase |
| Zavalova LL, Lukyanov SA, Baskova IP, Snezhkov EV, Akopov SB, Berezhnoy S, Bogdanova E, Barsova E & Sverdlov ED | Genes from the medicinal leech (hirudo medicinalis) coding for unusual enzymes that specifically cleave endo-epsilon (gamma-Glu)-Lys isopeptide bonds and help to dissolve blood clots | 1996 | Mol Gen Genet, 1996 (253): 20-25 | Saliva, Destabilase, Anticoagulation |
| Zavalova LL, Nikonov GI, Kuzina EV, Popova GI & Baskova IP | A dimer of fragment D from stabilized fibrin – a substrate for the destabilase enzyme | 1991 | Biokhimiia, 1991; 56 (1): 115-124 | Saliva, Destabilase |
| Zavalova LL, Yudina TG, Artamonova II & Baskova IP | Antibacterial non-glycosidase activity of invertebrate destabilase-lysozyme and of its helical amphipathic peptides | 2006 | Chemotherapy, 2006; 52 (3): 158-160 | Saliva, Destabilase, Antibiosis |
| Zebe E, Roters FJ & Kaiping B | Metabolic changes in the medical leech Hirudo medicinalis following feeding | 1986 | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 1986; 84 A: 49-55 | Biology, Breeding, |
| Zengin S, Yarbil P, Kilic H & Al B | Prolonged bleeding due to a medicinal leech bite: Another treatment method, primary suture | 2012 | British Medical Journal Case Reports 2012: 1-4 | Pharmacovigilance, Bleeding |
| Zerbst-Boroffka I | Organische Säurereste als wichtigste Anionen im Blut von Hirudo medicinalis | 1970 | Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie, 1970; 70: 313-321 | Biology |
| Zerbst-Boroffka I | Osmo- und Volumenregulation bei Hirudo medicinalis nach Nahrungsaufnahme | 1973 | Journal of Comparative Physiolgy, 1973; 84: 185-204 | Biology, Metabolism |
| Zerbst-Boroffka I & Wenning A | Mechanisms of regulatory salt and water excretion in the leech Hirudo medicinalis | 1986 | Zoologische Beiträge zur Naturforschung, 1986; 30: 359-377 | Hirudo medicinalis, Biology, Breeding |
| Zettel G | Beobachtungen über Exhirud-Salbe bei der Behandlung der Akne vulgaris | 1967 | Der Landarzt, 1967; 43: 633 | Dermatology, Acne, Exhirud, Leech Ointment |
| Zhang B, P, Zhang R, Zou J & Zhu T | A rare case report of tracheal leech infestation in a 40-year-old woman | 2014 | International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 2014; 7 (10): 3599-3601 | Hirudiniasis |
| Zhang B, Lin Q, Lin J et al. | Effects of broodstock density and diet on reproduction and juvenile culture of the leech, Hirudo mailensis Lesson 1842 | 2008 | Aquaculture, 2008; 276: 198-204 | Breeding, Fertility |
| Zhang Z, Credico P, Bristol S & Macadam S | Determinants of success in single- and multi-digit replant | 2021 | Plastic Surgery 2021; June 23: published online | Surgery |
| Zhao X, Higgins, KM, Enepekides D & Farwell G | Medicinal leech therapy for venous congested flaps: case series and review of the literature | 2009 | Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 2009; 38 (2): E61-64 | Surgery, Review Article |
| Zick K | Weiteres über Zucht und Fortpflanzung des medizinischen Blutegels | 1933 | Biologischer Anzeiger, 1933; 103: 49-55 | Biology, Breeding |
| Zidan AE, Almarakby MA, Altramsy A & Dahy A | Evaluation of leech therapy in flap venous congestion | 2021 | Al-Azhar International Medical Journal 2021; published online 16 SEP 2021 | Surgery |
| Zulhisyam AK, Ismail A & Omar IC | Optimization of growth conditions of Hirudinea sp. | 2011 | Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2011; 5 (3): 268-275 | Biology, Breeding |
| Zweimüller C | Wirkung von direkten und indirekten Thrombozyteninhibitoren auf die Thrombozytenfunktion bei Patienten mit arterieller Verschlusskrankheit | 2005 | Thesis, University München 2005 | Anticoagulation, Thrombosis |
